Ch.2 Open Stax Westcott Courses Physiology

Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. How many electron shells does it likely have?

2

When an atom donates an electron to another atom it becomes...

An Ion

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an?

Atom

All of the elements in the second column of the periodic table all have a single valence electron. T/F?

False

This dehydration process then forms a monosaccharide. T/F?

False

Which of the following is a molecule, but NOT a compound? H+ 2H H2O H2

H2 Hydrogen gas (H2) is a molecule, but not a compound because it is made of only one element. Water (H2O) can be called a molecule or a compound because it is made of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction? hydrogen and helium hydrogen and hydrogen neon and helium helium and helium

Hydrogen and hydrogen

On the periodic table of elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have?

More than 80 neutrons each. The sum of the atomic number and the number of neutrons, gives the mass number of an atom. Therefore the atomic number is 80 and the mass number is 200.59. Then subtract the mass number from the atomic number to reveal the number of neutrons (which is greater than 80) = 120.9

Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These Include:

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

A glycoside bond is formed during this dehydration process. T/F?

True

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of?

protons

____ reactions release energy catabolic Exergonic Decomposition catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Catabolic, Exergonic, and Decomposition

A molecule of water contains one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen. These are linked by? Polar Covalent Bonds Non Polar Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Hydrogen bonds

Polar Covalent Bonds ( which is created by unequal sharing of the electrons due to the electro negativity of the atoms)

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________.

Saliva contains enzymes

A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a

Salt

The bonding of calcium , phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a (an) reaction decomposition synthesis catabolic exchange

Synthesis ( aka anabolism) smaller particles are bonded together to form larger more complex molecules. ex: dehydration synthesis A+B+C yields ABC, or Note+Book= Notebook

CH4 is methane. This compound is ________. a. inorganic b. organic c. reactive d. a crystal

Organic organic nutrients possess carbon and hydrogen as the primary structural ingredient ex sugars, fats and proteins Inorganic Nutrients lack carbon and hydrogen as primary structural ingredient ex acids, bases, water

The energy stored in a ball at the top of a hill is... activation energy radiant energy kinetic energy potential energy

Potential Energy ( stored energy)

The mass number the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. T/F?

True

Water is formed during a dehydration synthesis. T/F?

True