Ch.24 Practice Test
A) macula densa
47) Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron? A) macula densa B) principal cell C) vasa recta D) loop of Henle
D) inhibits the release of ADH
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. A) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells B) increases the rate of glomerular filtration C) increases secretion of ADH D) inhibits the release of ADH
B) 1.001-1.035
An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________. A) 1.041-1.073 B) 1.001-1.035 C) 1.030-1.040 D) 1.000-1.015
B) increase in the production of ADH
An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________. A) decrease in the production of ADH B) increase in the production of ADH C) increase in the production of aldosterone D) decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma
Peritubular capillaries.
Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells.
C) Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed.
If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean? A) The glucose molecule is too large to be filtered out of the blood. B) Most of the glucose is filtered out of the blood and is not reabsorbed in the convoluted tubules. C) Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed. D) The clearance value of glucose is relatively high in a healthy adult.
D) thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle the ________. A) thin segment is freely permeable to water B) thick segment is permeable to water C) thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride D) thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption
D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4
Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct A) 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4 B) 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 C) 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4 D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4
D) secondary active transport
Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) passive transport C) countertransport D) secondary active transport
Proximal convoluted tubule.
Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.
Glomerulus.
Site of filtrate formation.
Collecting duct
Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________. A) the design and size of the podocytes B) the thickness of the capillary endothelium C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) D) the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure
The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________. A) colloid osmotic pressure of the blood B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure C) capsular hydrostatic pressure D) myogenic mechanism
B) stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________. A) ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently B) stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position C) is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys D) produces vitamin D
D) plasma protein
The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. A) glucose B) hormones C) electrolytes D) plasma protein
A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
The function of angiotensin II is to ________. A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure B) decrease the production of aldosterone C) decrease arterial blood pressure D) decrease water absorption
A) nephron
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________. A) nephron B) loop of Henle C) glomerular capsule D) basement membrane of the capillaries
B) osmosis
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. A) active transport B) osmosis C) solvent drag D) cotransport with sodium ions
A) loop of Henle
The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________. A) loop of Henle B) glomerular filtration membrane C) collecting duct D) distal convoluted tubule
A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus B) the descending loop of Henle C) the renal pyramid D) the renal papilla
A) transitional
The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium. A) transitional B) simple squamous C) stratified squamous D) pseudostratified columnar
B) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient
Tubular reabsorption ________. A) includes substances such as creatinine B) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient C) by passive processes requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood D) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted waste
B) pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra
Urine passes through the ________. A) renal hilum to the bladder to the ureter B) pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra C) glomerulus to ureter to renal tubule D) hilum to urethra to bladder
C) macula densa cells
Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate? A) juxtaglomerular cells B) mesangial cells C) macula densa cells D) podocytes
A) adrenal
Which gland sits atop each kidney? A) adrenal B) thymus C) pituitary D) pancreas
B) angiotensin II and aldosterone
Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion? A) angiotensin II and ADH B) angiotensin II and aldosterone C) angiotensin I and epinephrine D) angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide
B) form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine
Which of the choices below is a function of the loop of Henle? A) form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine B) form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine C) absorb electrolytes actively with an automatic absorption of water by osmosis D) none of these
D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? A) helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition, volume, and pressure of blood B) regulates blood glucose levels and produces hormones C) maintains blood osmolarity D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
D) by secreting sodium ions
Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH? A) by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate B) by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions C) by producing new bicarbonate ions D) by secreting sodium ions
A) the stretching of the bladder wall
Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)? A) the stretching of the bladder wall B) motor neurons C) the pressure of the fluid in the bladder D) the sympathetic efferents
D) They are extremely complex molecules.
Which of the following is not a reason why substances are either not reabsorbed or are incompletely reabsorbed from the nephron? A) They lack carriers. B) They are not lipid soluble. C) They are too large to pass through the fenestrations. D) They are extremely complex molecules.
D) creatinine
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? A) Na+ B) K+ C) glucose D) creatinine
A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled.
Which statement is correct? A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled. B) Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. C) Most of the water passing through the kidney is eliminated as urine. D) The excretion of sodium ions is one of the mechanisms that maintains the pH balance of the blood.
