Ch.4 & Ch.5 Study Guide

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Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

Golgi apparatus

Plant cells are connected to one another by

plasmodesmata

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins?

to permit cells to recognize one another

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups

Which of the following is a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

All of the answers are possible functions of the extracellular matrix.

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?

The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ______, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ____.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?

active transport

Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of the bladder?

adhesion junctions

Factors that may affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include

all of the above answers

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

bacterial cell

Receptor proteins allow a cell to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

carbon dioxide

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?

coupled reactions

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by

developing finger-like projections

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity?

establishing the identity of the cell

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

exocytosis

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve?

facilitated diffusion

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

feedback inhibition

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplasts?

it converts light energy into chemical energy

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a

light microscope

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles?

lysosome

The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in

maintaining shape

A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its

mitochondria

Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

mitochondria

Which process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

osmosis

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface-area-to-volume ratio


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