Ch.4 & Ch.5 Study Guide
Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?
Golgi apparatus
Plant cells are connected to one another by
plasmodesmata
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins?
to permit cells to recognize one another
Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups
Which of the following is a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?
All of the answers are possible functions of the extracellular matrix.
Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another
A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?
The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?
The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ______, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ____.
are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells
As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through
a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads
Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?
active transport
Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of the bladder?
adhesion junctions
Factors that may affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include
all of the above answers
A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a
bacterial cell
Receptor proteins allow a cell to
bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body
Mitochondria are found in
both plant cells and animal cells
Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
carbon dioxide
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both
contain DNA
ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?
coupled reactions
All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA
Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by
developing finger-like projections
Which of the following terms best describes entropy?
disorder
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
does not require energy from the cell
Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because
each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate
The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity?
establishing the identity of the cell
Which feature is found in all cells?
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?
exocytosis
What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve?
facilitated diffusion
What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?
feedback inhibition
Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?
feedback inhibition
During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?
hypertonic
Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplasts?
it converts light energy into chemical energy
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a
light microscope
Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by
lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed
Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles?
lysosome
The cell walls of bacterial cells and plant cells function in
maintaining shape
A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its
mitochondria
Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?
mitochondria
Which process allows water to move across a cell membrane?
osmosis
Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.
surface-area-to-volume ratio
