Ch5, Ch6
The connective tissue covering the inner surface of the bone is the
endosteum
A great example of pneumatrized bone is the
ethmoid bone
The best way to delay skeletal aging is to
exercise
The scapula is an example of what type of bone?
flat
Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?
foramen
A depression or concavity on the surface of a bone is called a
fossa
Endochondral ossification begins with
hyaline cartilage
Ossification of flat bones is called
intramembranous
Which of the following is a classification of bone?
long
The skeletal system participates in
maintaining blood calcium levels
The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the
metaphysis
The period of time when bone remodeling is most likely is
never
The degenerative effects of osteoporosis are most likely to affect ________.
older women
In osseous tissue, which of following is able to break down bone?
osteoclasts
Mature bone cells that monitor the matrix are
osteocytes
Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged?
osteoprogenitor cell
Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis
parathyroid hormone
Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone?
patella
The first location of long bone formation begins in an area called the
primary ossification center
A long bone increases in length until
the epiphyseal plate becomes ossified
Bone remodeling occurs in
all bone types based on need
A bone cell that produces new bone matrix is
an osteoblast
Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?
blood cells
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
connective tissue
The periosteum
covers the outside of bone
Organic compounds of the matrix of bone include
collagen fibers
Which of the following is required to produce calcitrol in the kidneys?
vitamin d
In the skeletal system, compact bone is located
where bones are most heavily stressed
Which of the following statements characterizes bones and bone tissues?
A. It can undergo remodeling during life. B. It may have both compact and spongy regions C. It can be changed by hormonal stimuli D. It contains openings for nutrient blood vessels All of the answers are correct
The endosteum is best described as
A. a tissue that is active during growth or repair of bone. B. the cellular lining of the marrow cavity and central canals c. an epithelial layer that covers the trabeculae of spongy bone d. an incomplete epithelium that sometimes leaves matrix exposed. All of the answers are correct
Which of the following describes a central canal?
A. contains an artery B. contains a vein C. runs parallel to osteons D. contains a nerve All of the answers are correct
Bone structure is determined by which of the following?
A. hormones B. mechanical stress C. muscle attachments D. diet All of the answers are correct
In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains
A. other connective tissue B. smooth muscle tissue C. neural tissues
During endochondral bone formation,
A. the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified B. cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts C. capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage D. osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity. All of the answers are correct
What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?
As bone matrix is added tot he external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity
During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, they are able to break their fall with their hands. However, they stand up holding their wrist in pain. What type of fracture might they have sustained?
Colles' fracture
How does an epiphysis contribute to the growth and function of the long bone?
It allows growth at the metaphysis while retaining the shape of the articular surface
Which of the following is are true of the growth of the skeleton?
It begins to ossify at six weeks of gestational age.
Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification?
The bone grows in length
Which of the following describes how bones are innervated?
The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses are innervated by sensory nerves
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?
The person was prepubertal
How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?
They change the rates of osteoblast and and osteoclast activity
What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming?
They die and are replaced by bone cells
Which of the following is best for viewing bones?
X-rays
A break in a bone is called
a fracture
The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is
calcification
Increased levels of calcium in the blood in a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of
calictonin
Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as
circumferential lamellae
Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements?
displaced fracture
Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________.
risk of infection
A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called an
spiral fracture
Two types of osseous tissue
spongy bone and compact bone
Which is a major function of the skeletal system?
support of the body
Extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called
sutural bones
The function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is
to produce new osteoblasts
Which of the following is a solid structure?
trabecula
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called
trabeculae
perforating canals (Volkmann's canals)
transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone
Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include?
trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles
Bones have a vascular supply that is
very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone