Ch6 ethics

define ethics

. Ethics are moral principles and values that guide the behavior of honorable people.

steps for resolving ethical conflict

1.assess the situation 2. diagnose identify the ethical problem 3. plan 4-5. implement ans evaluate your decision p"

define moral

A moral is a standard for right and wrong.

define bioethics

Bioethics is related to ethical questions surrounding life and death and questions and concerns regarding quality of life as it relates to advanced technology.

explain the care based approach

Care-Based Approach- The nurse-patient relationship is central to the care-based approach, which directs attention to the specific situations of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narrative. The care perspective directs that how you choose to "be" and act each time you encounter a patient or colleague is a matter of ethical significance. Ethics is not reduced to a decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment. Characteristics Include: Centrality of the caring relationship; Promotion of the dignity and respect of patients as people; Attention to the particulars of individual patients; Cultivation of responsiveness to others and professional responsibility; A redefinition of fundamental moral skills to include virtues like kindness, attentiveness, empathy, compassion, reliability.

Utilitarian.

The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action. For example, one nurse may believe that abortion is ethically justified in situations that result in the best consequences for the woman, child, and society (utilitarian argument).

what is laissez faire

aproach to value transmission leave child to explore values on their own

define values

beliefs held by an individual about what matters

activities of the value process

choosing, acting, prizing

explain the principle based approach

combines elements of both utilitarian and deontologic theories; it holds four key principles: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Many nurses add fidelity, veracity, accountability, privacy, and confidentiality to this list. ------Ethical dilemmas are involved and they arise when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles results in two conflicting courses of action. There is no foolproof method for identifying which principle is most important when there is conflict between competing principles.

altruism

concern for the welfare and well being of others.

define advocacy

ensure clients interest are being met and protection and support of anothers rights.

what is paternalism

making a decision for a patient who is confused

ethical distress

occurs when the nurse knows the right thing to do but personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow

what are the Two Approaches to "Doing Ethics"

principle and care based

what are four fundamental responsibilites for nurses

promote health prevent illness restore health alleviate suffering

Deontologic.

An action is right or wrong based on a rule, independent of its consequences. For example, another nurse may believe that abortion is wrong based on a rule that an innocent life should never be taken (deontologic argument).

A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which of the following statements demonstrates the principle of accountability ) Telling the client that the medication will be given the following morning b) Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider c) Administering the medication with the other evening medications d) Documenting a narrative note in the chart about the occurrence

B

what is a care based approach to bioethics

The care-based approach to bioethics focuses on the specific situations of individual clients, and characteristics of this approach include promoting the dignity and respect of patients and people.

A nurse uses the utilitarian action guiding theory when deciding how to handle the following ethical conflict: A 13-year old female patient with anorexia refuses to eat food despite the fact that she is slowly starving to death. The parents insist the nurse use a feeding tube to feed her. Which statement is an example of this theory in practice? a) The nurse believes that force feeding a patient violates the principles of autonomy and nonmaleficence. b) The nurse believes that force feeding a patient could be right or wrong depending on the process used to accomplish the action. c) The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the patient's life. d) The nurse refuses to force feed the patient because the nurse believes that force feeding a patient who refuses food is wrong even if it saves her life.

The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the patient's life. Explanation: Ethical theories or frameworks are systems of thought that attempt to explain how we ought to live and why. The utilitarian action guiding theory examines the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action. The example of this theory in practice would be that the nurse forces food via an eating tube when the end result is good in that it will save the client's life. The other three options are not examples of the utilitarian action guiding theory. Another action guiding theory would be the theory of deontologic. Deontologic theory would be an action is found to be right or wrong based on a rule, independent of its consequences. (less)

define values

Values are ideals and beliefs held by an individual or group; values act as a standard to guide one's behavior

autonomy

right to self-determination nurses respect patients right to make decisions on their own.

what is social justice

supports fairness and nondiscrimination promotes universal access to health care and encourages legislation and policy to be consistent with nursing care