Ch.6 Vocab

William Pitt

"Great Commoner" - Foremost leader in London government. The "Organizer of Victory" first dispatched a powerful expedition in 1758 against Louisburg - the fortress fell after siege. He soon sent forces to Quebec.

Edict of Nantes

(1598) Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French preeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic. Its repeal in 1685 prompted fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America.

King William's War

(1689 - 1697) War fought largely between French trappers, British settlers, and their respective Indian allies from 1689 - 1697. The colonial theater of the larger War of the League of Augsburg in Europe.

Queen Ann's War

(1702 - 1713) Second in a series of conflicts between the European powers of control of North America. Fought between the English and the French colonists in the North, and the English and Spanish in Florida. Under the peace treaty, the French ceded Acadia (Nova Scotia), New Foundland, and the Hudson Bay to Britain.

King George's War

(1744 - 1748) North American theater of Europe's War of Austrian Succession that once again pitted British colonists against their French counterparts in the North. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government.

French and Indian War (Seven Year War)

(1754 - 1763) Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe.

Albany Congress

(1754) Inter-colonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French.

Battle of Quebec

(1759) Historic British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quebec. The surrender of Quebec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America.

Pontiac's Uprising

(1763) Bloody campaign waged by Ottowa Chief to drive the British out of Ohio Country. It was brutally crushed by British troops, who resorted to distributing blankets infected with smallpox as a means to put down the rebellion.

War of Jenkin's Ear

(Began in 1739) Small-scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and in the buffer colony, Georgia. It merged with the much larger War of Austrian Succession in 1742.

James Wolfe

32 year old who had been an officer since 14; he was chosen by Pitt to take on Quebec. In a daring night move, he sent a detachment up a rock that was poorly guarded. He sealed the cliff, showing the way for others. The French and British armies faced off on the Plains of Abraham. He, along with the French Montcalm, fatally wounded, and the French were defeated.

Edward Braddock

60 year old officer (experienced in European Warfare) who was sent to Virginia with British regulators. He set out in 1755 with about 2,000 to capture Fort Duquesne. After encountering a much smaller French/Indian army, he was mortally wounded and the British were defeated.

Proclamation of 1763

Decree issued by Parliament in the wake of Pontiac's uprising, prohibiting settlement beyond the Appalachians. Contributed to rising resentment of British rule in the American colonies.

Louis XIV

Enthroned as a 5 year old, he reigned for 72 years (1643 - 1715). He took interest in North America. Louisiana is named after him.

Huguenots

French Protestant dissenters, they were granted limited toleration under the edict of Nantes. After King Louis XIV outlawed Protestantism in 1685, many fled elsewhere, including to British North America.

Acadians

French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns."

Samuel de Champlain

He was an intrepid soldier and explorer when energy and leadership earned him the title of "Father of New France." He entered into a friendship with the Huron Indian tribes after establishing France on Quebec (near St. Lawrence river).

Pontiac

Ottawa chief who in 1763 led several tribes and aided by a few French traitors on a violent campaign to drive the British out of the Ohio Country - Pontiac's uprising sieged Detroit in 1763 and overran all but 3 British post W of the Appalachia's killing 2,000 soldiers and settlers. The British retaliated with smallpox infected blankets. This crushed the rebellion and brought on an uneasy truce. Brought on an uneasy truce. Pontiac wa killed in 1759 by a rival Chieftan.

Regulars

Trained professional soldiers, as distinct from militia or conscripts. During the French and Indian War, British generals, used to commanding regulars, often showed contempt for ill-trained colonial militiamen.

Coureurs de Bois

Translated as "runners of the woods," they were French fur-trappers, also known as "voyagers" (travelers), who established trading posts throughout North America. The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways of their Native American trading partners.