ch7 biology

11. How many ATP and NADH molecules are produced from each molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle only?

2 ATP, 6 NADH

the net products of glycolysis are

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Which of the following are the final by-products of glucose oxidation during aerobic cell respiration?

ATP,heat,co2

Which of the following is most directly responsible for driving ATP synthase and the production of ATP in cellular respiration?

The ability of oxygen to rapidly capture an electron and energize ATP synthase.

Which pathway shows the correct path of electron transfer from a molecule of NADH?

NADH hydrogenase → ubiquinone → cytochrome b-c1→ cytochrome c → cytochrome oxidase → O2

Which of the following is INCORRECT for ethanol fermentation

Results in a net production of NADH.

45. When a molecule of NAD+ (nicontinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes reduced.

TRUE

ATP synthase is a good example of a molecular machine that is composed of various protein subunits and that has moving parts

TRUE

Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps, that can be grouped into three phases: the energy investment phase, cleavage phase, and the energy liberation phase.

TRUE

If oxygen is present, pyruvate will be converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix.

TRUE

Proteins and fats may be used as energy sources to drive aerobic respiration.

TRUE

Secondary metabolites like caffeine are produced mainly from plant sources.

TRUE

The electron transport chain consists of a series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred to oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

TRUE

Ubiquinone is also known as coenzyme Q.

TRUE

When muscles cells are deprived of oxygen, the heart still pumps. What must the heart cells be able to do?

derive sufficient energy from fermentation

In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to form

oxaloacetate.

ATP is made via chemiosmosis during

oxidative phosphorylation

Cellular respiration produces the most chemical in the form of ATP from which of the following?

oxidative phosphorylation

To break down glucose to CO2 and H2O, which of the following metabolic pathways is not involved?

photosynthesis

The enzyme responsible for oxidizing pyruvate once it enters the mitochondrial matrix is

pyruvate dehydrogenase.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into

pyruvate.

Compared with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, a key difference of anaerobic respiration in bacteria is that

something other than O2 acts as a final electron acceptor of the ETC

during glycolysis ATP is produced by ?

substrate-level phosphorylation

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

substrate-level phosphorylation.

Which pathway shows the correct path of electron transfer from a molecule of FADH2

succinate reductase → ubiquinone → cytochrome b-c1→ cytochrome c → cytochrome oxidase → O2

When a muscle becomes anaerobic during strenuous exercise, why is it necessary to convert pyruvate to lactate?

to decrease NADH and increase NAD+

During the cleavage stage of glycolysis, fructose-1, 6 biphosphate is broken down into

two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

How many net ATP and NADH molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

2 ATP, 2 NADH

Assuming a fat molecule can be oxidized into 2 glycerol molecules, which are immediately converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, in intermediate glycolysis, how many ATP can be produced from a fat molecule?

36

Certain drugs act as ionophores that cause the mitochondrial membrane to be highly permeable to H+. How would such drugs affect oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP synthesis would be inhibited

Which of the following statements is TRUE of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate and both produce NADH as high- energy intermediates.

During the energy investment phase of glycolysis there is a decrease of free energy that allows later reactions to be exergonic.

FALSE

NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to protein complex I.

FALSE

Oxygen is an excellent final electron acceptor because of its low electronegativity.

FALSE

The ability of bread to rise is mainly a function of the CO2 produced during oxidative phosphorylation rather than that produced from fermentation.

FALSE

The aerobic breakdown of glucose yields 34 to 38 ATP, while the anaerobic breakdown of glucose yields 20 ATP.

FALSE

The proton motive force is key to chemiosis because the H+ electrochemical gradient is lower in the intermembrane space than inside the matrix.

FALSE

The source of energy that directly drives the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation is

H+ gradient

Which of the following is TRUE of the citric acid cycle?

It yields ATP, NADH, and FADH2 as energy intermediates.

Which of the following does NOT occur during yeast fermentation?

Lactate is produced.

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

NADH and pyruvate

17. Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain in cell respiration is CORRECT?

The loss in free energy of the electron initially donated by NADH is used to transport H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane against its electrochemical gradient.

Which would be TRUE if a metabolic poison were to completely inhibit the function of mitochondrialATPsynthase?

The pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane would increase.

Which of the following function: location relationship is INCORRECT?

acetyl CoA formation; cytosol

The equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + Heat), describes which of the following processes?

cell respiration

In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group is removed from acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form

citrate

Where does glycolysis takes place?

cytosol

Which compound has the highest free energy and produces the most ATP when oxidized?

glucose

Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary metabolite?

glucose

1. Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?

glycolysis

The ability to diagnose tumors using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is based on the phenomenon that most types of cancer cells exhibit higher levels of

glycolysis

Which of the following processes will occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?

glycolysis

The equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + Heat), describes a reaction that

is exergonic.

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for the buildup of which molecule?

lactate

Which of the following is NOT a process of aerobic respiration?

lactate fermentation

Where are the protein complexes associated with the electron transport chain located?

mitochondrial inner membrane

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?

mitochondrial intermembrane space