ch.7 food and nut

Enzymes within the microvilli break down ______ to amino acids.

di- and tripeptides

What happens to amino acids once they enter the absorptive cells?

peptides are broken down into amino acids

Which of the following account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day?

Urinary elimination of urea

A food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as

lactose. sulfites. MSG.

Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a

food intolerance

Choose benefits of a plant-based diet.

lower body fat and a reduced risk of obesity reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers

Which of the following element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?

nitrogen

The structure of hemoglobin is an example of the ______________________ structure.

quaternary

Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?

Microvilli

Which of the following cells do not contain protein?

None, all cells contain some protein

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Nonessential

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein?

10-35%

A meal that provides all of the essential amino acids without including animal protein consists of

complementary combinations.

People with PKU need to avoid

egg. meats. milk products.

Choose the true statements about protein.

All living organisms contain protein. Proteins are organic molecules. Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

When a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone

denaturation.

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins but have important physiological roles are called amino acid

derivatives

Gluten-free products are not always healthier as some are high in

simple sugars. sodium. fats.

The project undertaken in the 1990s to identify and sequence the approximately 23,000 genes that code for protein synthesis in the human DNA is called the ______.

Human Genome Project

Choose the true statements about amino acid derivatives.

examples include creatine and melanin nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins serve important physiological roles

Choose how nitrogen is lost from the body.

intestinal tract sheds cells loss of hair and nails urinary elimination

In the United States, the average protein intake ______.

is about 15 to 18% of total calories is about 1.44 g/kg body weight

Vegetarians who do not consume fish may have difficulty obtaining ______.

omega-3 fatty acids

Children and adults with PKU need to avoid foods that are rich sources of ______.

phenylalanine

Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.

protein

Combining certain plant food sources of protein to form complete proteins is called ______.

protein complementation

Not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because _____ breaks down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and then recycles them to make new proteins.

protein turnover

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein, turnover

After being digested, most amino acids are

transported into absorptive cells

Which of the following is true about deamination?

Occurs primarily in the liver A process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid Once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton