ch.7 food and nut
Enzymes within the microvilli break down ______ to amino acids.
di- and tripeptides
What happens to amino acids once they enter the absorptive cells?
peptides are broken down into amino acids
Which of the following account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day?
Urinary elimination of urea
A food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as
lactose. sulfites. MSG.
Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a
food intolerance
Choose benefits of a plant-based diet.
lower body fat and a reduced risk of obesity reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers
Which of the following element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?
nitrogen
The structure of hemoglobin is an example of the ______________________ structure.
quaternary
Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?
Microvilli
Which of the following cells do not contain protein?
None, all cells contain some protein
Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?
Nonessential
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein?
10-35%
A meal that provides all of the essential amino acids without including animal protein consists of
complementary combinations.
People with PKU need to avoid
egg. meats. milk products.
Choose the true statements about protein.
All living organisms contain protein. Proteins are organic molecules. Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
When a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone
denaturation.
Nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins but have important physiological roles are called amino acid
derivatives
Gluten-free products are not always healthier as some are high in
simple sugars. sodium. fats.
The project undertaken in the 1990s to identify and sequence the approximately 23,000 genes that code for protein synthesis in the human DNA is called the ______.
Human Genome Project
Choose the true statements about amino acid derivatives.
examples include creatine and melanin nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins serve important physiological roles
Choose how nitrogen is lost from the body.
intestinal tract sheds cells loss of hair and nails urinary elimination
In the United States, the average protein intake ______.
is about 15 to 18% of total calories is about 1.44 g/kg body weight
Vegetarians who do not consume fish may have difficulty obtaining ______.
omega-3 fatty acids
Children and adults with PKU need to avoid foods that are rich sources of ______.
phenylalanine
Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.
protein
Combining certain plant food sources of protein to form complete proteins is called ______.
protein complementation
Not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because _____ breaks down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and then recycles them to make new proteins.
protein turnover
The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called
protein, turnover
After being digested, most amino acids are
transported into absorptive cells
Which of the following is true about deamination?
Occurs primarily in the liver A process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid Once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton