CH7 THE INFANT

6 months.

The health-care worker instructs the parents of an infant that they can expect the first tooth eruption at the age of: 2 months. 6 months. 8 months. 10 months.

smiling.

A 2-month-old uses the preverbal speech technique of: nonnutritive sucking. grunting. pointing. smiling.

trust.

According to Erikson, infancy is concerned with acquiring a sense of: trust. industry. initiative. autonomy.

ability to grasp an object voluntarily.

The 5-month-old should demonstrate: hand-to-mouth coordination. neat pincer grasp. building a tower of two cubes. ability to grasp an object voluntarily.

True

The acquisition of motor skills in infancy lays the foundation for a lifetime of physical activity. True False

10

The first words may occur between ____ and 13 months of age. 6 8 10 12

Bruises in various stages of healing

What is a possible indication of child abuse on an 11-month-old? Excessive drooling Cooing and reaching for the parent Hyperactivity during physical assessment Bruises in various stages of healing

supporting child firmly during bath time, never leaving him/her unattended.

A 4-month-old infant is brought to the clinic by her parents for a well-baby checkup. Because 4-month-old infants are developing very fast, the health-care worker reminds parents that they can help prevent an accident by: using a tray on highchair as restraint rather than the restraining strap. placing adjustable gates at the head of the stairs only. placing the child on the stomach to sleep at night or at nap time. supporting child firmly during bath time, never leaving him/her unattended.

18

A child who weighed 6 pounds at birth will weigh approximately ____ pounds at the age of 12 months. 15 18 21 24

arrange for a parent to room in with the infant.

A hospitalized 11-month-old is crying and clinging to the parents as they attempt to leave the room at the termination of visiting hours. An appropriate intervention would be to: encourage the parents to leave right away to minimize the child's distress. provide privacy until the infant has calmed down. arrange for a parent to room in with the infant. distract the infant with toys so the parents can leave unnoticed.

"Your child needs whole milk instead of low-fat milk to promote proper growth and development."

A mother is concerned that her 12-month-old is "getting fat." She plans to switch the infant from formula to 2% low-fat milk. Based on knowledge of infant nutrition, the best response should be: "That's an excellent idea. Preventing childhood obesity is a goal of Healthy People 2020." "You should give your child low-calorie juices instead of milk to prevent excessive weight gain." "Formula is necessary for 2 full years to ensure proper growth." "Your child needs whole milk instead of low-fat milk to promote proper growth and development."

infant is experiencing separation anxiety.

A parent of an 8-month-old infant says that the baby cries and screams whenever she is left with her grandparents. The reply should be based on the fact that the: infant is most likely spoiled. infant is experiencing separation anxiety. infant should be left with another caretaker. grandparents' home may be a frightening environment.

teething ring.

According to Freud's theory of development, the best toy for an infant would be a: colorful mobile. soft animal to pet. teething ring. baby swing.

playing peek-a-boo.

An appropriate play activity to encourage sensorimotor stimulation in a 7-month-old would be: reading a story. playing peek-a-boo. showing how to clap hands. imitating animal sounds.

True

At 3 months, an interactive mobile that is activated by kicking helps develop cause-effect understanding. True False

HepB

At birth, what is the first vaccination parents of a newborn baby will be recommended? Polio HepB MMR Varicella DTaP Tetanus

True

By 7 to 8 months, syllables using the D, P, and B sounds appear, and parents are gleeful when they hear "ma" or "da True False

2-3 months.

By ____________ of age, parents react positively to the infant's responsive smile, and a mutual bond (attachment) is secured. 2-3 months. 3-5 months. 5-9 months. 9-12 months.

manage a stressful situation.

Even infants can develop coping skills, which allow the infant to: enhance speech development. manage a stressful situation. manipulate his environment. increase parental bonding.

pulls up on the furniture.

If parents are concerned about the fact that their 14-month-old infant is not walking, the health-care worker should particularly evaluate whether the infant: pulls up on the furniture. uses a pincer grasp. transfers objects. has developed object permanence.

exploring developmental movement and the environment.

Interactive physical activity between parents and their baby should be focused on: exploring developmental movement and the environment. ensuring that activity times do not interfere with sleep or nutrition. exposure to outdoors. interaction with other infants.

actively searching for a hidden object.

Object permanence is: recognizing a familiar face, such as mother. recognizing a familiar object, such as bottle. actively searching for a hidden object. securing objects by pulling on a string.

foods should be introduced one at a time

Regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy, a nurse would advise: solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months of age when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear. foods should be introduced one at a time solid foods should be mixed together to make the transition easier for the infant. fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first.

Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.

The information that should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old regarding appropriate play activities would include which of the following? Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. Place cradle gym across the crib to facilitate fine motor skills. Provide finger paints to enhance fine motor skills.

"He is old enough to try to feed himself. Let's think of ways to limit the mess."

The parent of a 12-month-old says, "He pushes the spoon right out of my hand and screams when I feed him. I can't let him feed himself, he makes too much of a mess." The best response is: "It's important not to give in to this kind of temper tantrum at this age." "Maybe you need to try a different type of spoon, one designed for children." "He is old enough to try to feed himself. Let's think of ways to limit the mess." "You should continue to feed him. Self-feeding may interfere with adequate nutrition."

"Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him."

The parents of a 2-month-old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. The most informative response would be: "Allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes, then pick him up." "Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him." "Babies this young cry when they are hungry. Try feeding him when he cries." "If he isn't soiled or wet, leave him and he'll cry himself to sleep."

give the baby a pacifier while the child is in a semi-awake state.

The parents of a 3-month-old complain that they are exhausted because she still wakes up as often as every 1 to 2 hours during the night. When she awakens, they change her diaper, and her mother nurses her back to sleep. The best suggestion would be to: put her in parents' bed to cuddle. give the baby a pacifier while the child is in a semi-awake state. let her cry herself back to sleep. give her a bottle of formula instead of breastfeeding her so often at night.

"Nonnutritive sucking during infancy is normal."

The parents of a 6-month-old infant say that they are worried about their baby's thumb-sucking. The reply that is most informative would be: "A pacifier should be substituted for the thumb." "Nonnutritive sucking may indicate unsatisfied hunger." "Sucking should be interrupted by diverting the baby's attention." "Nonnutritive sucking during infancy is normal."

still wants parental stimulation.

The parents of a 6-month-old infant say, "She cries sometimes after we have put her down after we have played with her. We know she is dry and has recently been fed." The most appropriate intervention is to suggest that the baby: is learning elementary language skills. may still be hungry. is uncomfortable. still wants parental stimulation.

talk to the infant in their native language.

To support the development of language skills in their child, the parents should: talk to the infant in their native language. introduce common slang words. employ "baby talk" to get the infant's attention. speak loudly

False

When a child protests his or her parent leaving the room, parents should be made aware that such behavior is abnormal and is an urgent sign of concern for young children. True False

"A rear-facing car seat placed in the back seat is the safest place for your baby."

When the parents of a 6-month-old say that they see no reason to spend money for a car seat because the baby is happier sitting in someone's lap. The best response is: "As long as the baby is being held securely by an adult there is no need for a car seat." "The air bag will protect both adult and baby in the event of an accident." "A rear-facing car seat placed in the back seat is the safest place for your baby." "A front-facing car seat placed next to the driver should keep your baby safe and happy."