Chap 1. Scientific Study of Life

Theory

A Comprehensive, well-accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon

Hypothesis

A tentative, narrow-in-scope explanation of a natural phenomenon

Theory

A(n) _______is an explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been well tested and ties together many hypotheses.

Energy

All living things are composed of one or more cells, use ______ to grow and reproduce, and maintain of state of internal constancy.

Enery

All organisms use____ to fuel growth and to sustain homeostasis, which is a process that maintains internal constancy.

Producer

Autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources

Sexual reproduction

Because it generates new combinations of traits, what type of reproduction can be a very successful strategy in environments where conditions change frequently?

Heat

Energy is lost from an ecosystem in the form of_____ during energy transfers

Decomposer

Heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients and wastes and dead organisms

Consumer

Heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms

Fungi

Heterotrophs; obtain food by external digestion

Animalia

Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion

Plantae

Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms

Emergent

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the smaller components of an organism interact are called ______ properties

Observe and ask questions about something in the natural worlds Create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions Carry out experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data Analyze your data and draw conclusion

Rank the following steps of the generalized scientific method in order from first at the top to last at the bottom.

It can lead to specific predictions, it must be testable.

Select all of the following that are qualities of a scientific hypothesis

Biases of scientists, Misinterprepations of observations or results

Select all of the following that can interfere with the scientific method or the conclusions of a study

Evolution

A change in the genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations can also be referred to as

Reproduction, growth, development; organization, homeostasis, or maintenance of internal constancy, energy use, and evolution.

All the characteristics of life

False

Any structure that contains DNA and proteins is alive?

Fertilized egg, embryo, adult.

Stages of developments in order_____

Experiment

Hypotheses are often tested with an investigation called a(n)

Sexual

In_____ reproduction, most of the offspring are genetically different (except for twins)

Asexual

In______ reproduction, the offspring are mostly genetically identical (except for some mutations)

Adaptions

Inherited traits, characteristics, or behaviors that enable an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment are called

a changeable element of an experiment

The variable of an experiment is

Homeostasis

Using a process called___, living organisms mainttain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.

The science of naming and classifying organisms

What is taxonomy?

Sexual reproduction

What is the most common form of reproduction in plants, animals, and fungi?

Atom, molecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

The following lists the levels of biological organization in order from smallest to largest.

Independent

The low, medium, and high concentrations of vaccine int he experiment shown comprise the ______ variable

Protista

Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

Ecosystem

What biological level includes the living and nonliving components of a particular areas?

All the population of different species that live in an area

What describes a community?

Natural selection

What is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics?

differences in DNA sequences

What is one way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea?

Natural selection

What process favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on adaptive traits that are inherited?

Biosphere

What term refers to all parts of the planet that can support life?

Population

What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?

Anatomical features, genetic characteristics, biochemical aspects, cellular attributes

Which of the following characteristics can scientists use to compare evolutionary relationships between organisms?

A group that receives a placebo or no treatment

Which of the following describes a control group?

Genetic variability within a population

Which of the following is required for evolution by natural selection to occur?

Species

what is the basic unit of classification and is denoted by a unique two-part scientific name?