Chap 1. Scientific Study of Life
Theory
A Comprehensive, well-accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon
Hypothesis
A tentative, narrow-in-scope explanation of a natural phenomenon
Theory
A(n) _______is an explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been well tested and ties together many hypotheses.
Energy
All living things are composed of one or more cells, use ______ to grow and reproduce, and maintain of state of internal constancy.
Enery
All organisms use____ to fuel growth and to sustain homeostasis, which is a process that maintains internal constancy.
Producer
Autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources
Sexual reproduction
Because it generates new combinations of traits, what type of reproduction can be a very successful strategy in environments where conditions change frequently?
Heat
Energy is lost from an ecosystem in the form of_____ during energy transfers
Decomposer
Heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients and wastes and dead organisms
Consumer
Heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms
Fungi
Heterotrophs; obtain food by external digestion
Animalia
Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion
Plantae
Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms
Emergent
New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the smaller components of an organism interact are called ______ properties
Observe and ask questions about something in the natural worlds Create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions Carry out experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data Analyze your data and draw conclusion
Rank the following steps of the generalized scientific method in order from first at the top to last at the bottom.
It can lead to specific predictions, it must be testable.
Select all of the following that are qualities of a scientific hypothesis
Biases of scientists, Misinterprepations of observations or results
Select all of the following that can interfere with the scientific method or the conclusions of a study
Evolution
A change in the genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations can also be referred to as
Reproduction, growth, development; organization, homeostasis, or maintenance of internal constancy, energy use, and evolution.
All the characteristics of life
False
Any structure that contains DNA and proteins is alive?
Fertilized egg, embryo, adult.
Stages of developments in order_____
Experiment
Hypotheses are often tested with an investigation called a(n)
Sexual
In_____ reproduction, most of the offspring are genetically different (except for twins)
Asexual
In______ reproduction, the offspring are mostly genetically identical (except for some mutations)
Adaptions
Inherited traits, characteristics, or behaviors that enable an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment are called
a changeable element of an experiment
The variable of an experiment is
Homeostasis
Using a process called___, living organisms mainttain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.
The science of naming and classifying organisms
What is taxonomy?
Sexual reproduction
What is the most common form of reproduction in plants, animals, and fungi?
Atom, molecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
The following lists the levels of biological organization in order from smallest to largest.
Independent
The low, medium, and high concentrations of vaccine int he experiment shown comprise the ______ variable
Protista
Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms
Ecosystem
What biological level includes the living and nonliving components of a particular areas?
All the population of different species that live in an area
What describes a community?
Natural selection
What is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics?
differences in DNA sequences
What is one way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea?
Natural selection
What process favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on adaptive traits that are inherited?
Biosphere
What term refers to all parts of the planet that can support life?
Population
What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?
Anatomical features, genetic characteristics, biochemical aspects, cellular attributes
Which of the following characteristics can scientists use to compare evolutionary relationships between organisms?
A group that receives a placebo or no treatment
Which of the following describes a control group?
Genetic variability within a population
Which of the following is required for evolution by natural selection to occur?
Species
what is the basic unit of classification and is denoted by a unique two-part scientific name?
