Chap.21 & 22
Respiratory minute volume
Can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known
Mouth
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
Stomach
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
Pepsinogen
Chief cells secrete
Myenteric plexus
Coordinates activity of the muscular layer
Mucus escalator
Beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the
Atelectasis
If the fluid bond between the parietal and visceral pleura is broken and the lung collapses, the resulting condition is termed
Residual volume
The amount of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal exhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume
Right inguinal region
The cecum and the vermiform appendix are physically located in the
Pharynx
The common passageways shared by the respiratory and Digestive systems
Epiglottis
The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing
Proteins
The enzyme pepsin digests
Pancreatic acini
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of
Secretin
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers
Amylase
the enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates
Mesentery
A double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels
Greater omentum
A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera
Each terminal bronchioles the supplies air directly to
A single pulmonary lobule
Internal respiration
Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as
Upper respiratory tract
Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the
Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
Phonation
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal cords and produces
Anatomic dead space
Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as
Alveolar ventilation
Amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute
Cholecystokinin
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile
7
Approximately _____ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day
Rectum
Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the
Incisors
Are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting and clipping
Cuspids
Are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing
Molars
Are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding
Functional residual capacity
Defined as the amount of air remaining in the lungs after one has completed a quiet respiratory cycle
Alveolar sacs
Each of them forms a common chamber connected to several individual alveoli
Parotid gland
Empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar
Villi. Microvilli. Intestinal movements. Circular folds
Enhances the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine
Haustra
Expansively pouches of the colon
Blood air barrier
Gas exchange occurs across the blood air barrier
Functions of the nasal cavity include
Humidifying the air. Filtering the air. Trapping airborne particles.
2.5 cm, 15-20
The adult human trachea is about _______ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages
Dalton's law
In a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture
Central vein
In the center of a liver lobule there is a
Sphincters
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called __________regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways
Pancreatic endocrine cells secrete
Insulin. Pancreatic polypeptide. Glucagon. Growth hormone- inhibiting hormone
Asthma
Is an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways
Tidal volume
Is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions
Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because
It allows better conditioning of the inhaled air
Defecation reflex
It involves two positive feedback loops
Submucosa
Major layer of the digestive tract is a dense layer of irregular connective tissue that has large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Functions of the oral cavity
Mechanical processing. Lubrication. Digestion of carbohydrates. Analysis of material before swallowing.
Articulation
Modification of the sounds produced by the larynx is known as
Bicarbonate ions
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as
Bound to hemoglobin
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
Gastric pits
Openings into gastric glands
The uvula is located
Posterior margin of the soft palate
Mass movements
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called
The ultimate function of pulmonary ventilation is to
Provide adequate alveolar ventilation
Pulmonary ventilation
Refers to movement of air into and out of the lungs
Boyle's law
States that gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
Henry's law
States that the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas
Enterogastric reflexes
Stimulate the contraction of the pyloric sphincter
Gastrin
Stimulates gastric secretion
Chronic
The "C" in COPD stands for
Plasticity. Tone
The ability of smooth muscle to contract over a wide range of lengths is called ____________while its normal background level of activity is known as___________
Fissures
The lungs are divided into lobes by structures called
Cystic fibrosis
The most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent
Apex
The most superior portion of the long is termed the
Hard palate
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the
External nares
The openings to the nostrils are the
Body
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
Cerebral cortex
The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by
Fundus
The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the
Pylorus
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
3 lobes. 2 lobes.
The right lung has ______ The left lung has ________
Both the hard palate and the soft palate
The roof of the oral cavity is formed by
Alveoli
The site of gas exchange within the lungs are the
Vestibule
The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called
emphysema
The surface area for gas exchange decreases. Alveoli collapse. Compliance increases. There is elevated pco2 in the blood
Thyroid cartilage
The visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adam's apple is part of the
Larynx
The vocal folds are located within the
Peristalsis
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called.
Primary bronchi
What branches from the trachea
Gastric inhibitory peptide
Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine
Large intestine
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials
Left lung
Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch
3
____ pairs of salivary gland secrete into the oral cavity