Chapter 08: Managing Change and Innovation

An organization invests in xxx to help certain employees improve a given skill or set of skills.

training

-Creativity -Bottom-up approach -Internal contests -Idea incubators

Exploration

Engaging in innovation requires a looser structure, while implementing new ideas requires a more rigid structure. Organizations can meet both needs by using .

ambidextrous approach

Seth Goldman makes clear that innovation is essential for a small company to break into the packaged beverage market. In what ways can a company foster innovation? what's the second

Establish a cross-functional team with members from research, manufacturing, and marketing departments to guide a new product's development from beginning to end.

-horizontal coordination -customers, partners -open innovation

Cooperation

A school system is implementing a new series of standardized tests to evaluate how much students are learning. However, many teachers believe that the tests do not measure important content and skills and believe the tests are a waste of the school system's money.

Different Viewpoint

Hector's term paper for his marketing class deals with the product development process. Hector has decided to use some of his knowledge from his management class to write the paper, and he's collected a number of examples of different innovation strategies. What's another example of exploration strategy?

Douglas Hart, a professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, was able to develop his concept for a 3-D hearing aid scanner at the Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation. The center serves as an idea incubator to help academics pursue creative endeavors.

Over the last year, the Central Times publishing company has invested heavily in its online presence. Its subscriptions manager recently surveyed people who had let their subscription lapse in the previous six months. Of those who responded, 86 percent said they no longer subscribe because they read the paper online. In response to the survey results, the publisher calls the editor in chief into her office and says, "Jax, I want you to pull together a cross-functional team that will prepare the paper to go entirely online within two years. Put them in the wing of the building we don't use anymore since we had to let a third of our reporting staff go. They'll report directly to you." If the publisher of Central Times wanted to use reverse innovation to increase profits, what might she do?

Figure out a way to print and distribute a very inexpensive newspaper that people want to read in Haiti, then use the same technology and processes to revamp Central Times in the United States

Suppose you are the CEO of a start-up toy manufacturer. You know that if your business is to be successful, you have to create at least 10 wildly different toys in the next three years. Which of the following toy designers should you hire? Give one

Frankie, who has been in the toy business for 10 years and who knows what he's doing, but who always likes testing a new idea.

On the subject of exercising, you're really going to do it. Healthy living, here you come! According to force-field analysis, what's the first thing you should do? Buy gym membership Get rid of couch Calculate money you'll save on food (Goal is be a better fit person without too many changes involving costs)

Get rid of the couch

Seth Goldman makes clear that innovation is essential for a small company to break into the packaged beverage market. In what ways can a company foster innovation? what's one?

Have employees in marketing communicate customer feedback to employees in research so that people in research work to solve customers' problems.

-Idea champions -New venture teams -Skunkworks -New venture fund

Innovation Roles

The senior partners at S. V. Lee & Associates, a law office, just announced that, going forward, the company will focus on employment law because such cases are typically resolved more quickly than other types of legal problems. Several of the junior partners believe that this is a bad idea because they have seen a decrease in the overall number of employment law cases. Talking amongst themselves, the junior partners decry their lack of involvement in developing the firm's strategies. They are considering refusing to take on employment law cases when they arise. The most likely cause of resistance to change in this situation is:

Junior and senior partners have different goals

Suppose you are the CEO of a start-up toy manufacturer. You know that if your business is to be successful, you have to create at least 10 wildly different toys in the next three years. Which of the following toy designers should you hire? What's one

Leslie, who is independent and self-confident. She doesn't need people to tell her what to do.

Seth Goldman makes clear that innovation is essential for a small company to break into the packaged beverage market. In what ways can a company foster innovation? What's the last?

Make sure technical employees are aware of the latest technological innovations and engage in cross-functional discussion about how they could be used to achieve competitive advantage.

Suppose you are the CEO of a start-up toy manufacturer. You know that if your business is to be successful, you have to create at least 10 wildly different toys in the next three years. Which of the following toy designers should you hire? What's the last person

Malcolm, who loves to play. His last boss says that Malcolm was the "chief kid" in his last office.

The senior partners at S. V. Lee & Associates, a law office, just announced that, going forward, the company will focus on employment law because such cases are typically resolved more quickly than other types of legal problems. Several of the junior partners believe that this is a bad idea because they have seen a decrease in the overall number of employment law cases. Talking amongst themselves, the junior partners decry their lack of involvement in developing the firm's strategies. They are considering refusing to take on employment law cases when they arise. The most effective tactic for implementing change in this situation would be:

Participation

Factory workers believe that automating an assembly line will result in job loss at the factory.

Self-interest

The chief advantage of bottom-up approaches and internal innovation contests is that both of these techniques:

Solicit new ideas from existing employees

Hector's term paper for his marketing class deals with the product development process. Hector has decided to use some of his knowledge from his management class to write the paper, and he's collected a number of examples of different innovation strategies. What's one example of exploration strategy?

Stamen Design is a design and technology studio that uses mapping and data visualization tools to present information in fresh and exciting ways. Creativity is a way of life for its designers, and the company is willing to pay what it takes to hire only the most innovative designers on the market.

One change that Seth mentions is the PlantBottle. Another is using grape juice instead of sugar to sweeten drinks. What is true about these changes?

The PlantBottle is a potentially disruptive innovation; grape juice-sweetened drinks are a product change.

Customer service supervisors often have angry callers transferred to them, so they would benefit from techniques to help avoid burnout. It is called what?

Training

Employees have heard that their company is merging with another company, but management has not made any announcements about how the merger is expected to affect what products the company makes and how it makes them or what the likely effect on the bottom line will be. Employees aren't sure whether the merger will be positive for the firm or not.

Uncertainty

In the large-group intervention organization development model, information is

Widely shared

Because organizational change is a difficult endeavor, a company may use xxx , who is an OD expert, to diagnosis problems, develop a training plan, and document performance.

change agent

Apple has traditionally been known for a xxx innovation approach, in which it generated its own ideas in house and then developed, manufactured, marketed, and distributed the products.

closed

Waze, a navigation and traffic app, utilizes xxx to power the information on the app. Users share real time traffic reports, road conditions, and gas prices.

crowdsourcing

A company has strong xxx if it continuously seeks new ideas from customers and from looks for ways to use new technologies.

external coordination

According to this xxx, change will occur. (There are more points towards need to change than Barriers to change involving working out)

force-field analysis

Managers conduct xxx when they consider the problems and opportunities that drive change and the factors that restrain change.

force-field analysis

When you first decided to start making more friends, it was hard for you to greet people with a smile. Now you have a friendly smile and a wave for almost everyone you see—you don't even have to think about it. You are most likely in there xxx part of the change process.

freezing

A company that offers $1,000 for the best idea an employee submits each quarter is running a xxx

internal innovation contest

If an OD consultant is hired to implement a xxx , this activity will include meeting with employees from across the organization and often external stakeholders to have a sustained, guided dialogue.

large-group intervention

The company's main product is becoming obsolete, and its last two efforts to introduce a new product have failed. It is called what?

organizational Development

The large-group intervention organizational development model leads to xxx

rapid transformation

The Google X Lab is a secretive xxx , where employees work on technologies that sound like science fiction.

skunkworks

Taco Bell and McDonald's are considering adding kiosks in restaurants for customers to place their orders. This xxx will hopefully make the ordering process more efficient and increase accuracy.

technology change