Chapter 1

gravity

the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun

annul

to cancel

b

Copernicus proposed which of the following a. the sun travels around the Earth b. the Earth travels around the sun c. gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the sun d. the Earth is the center of the universe

Luther

German monk who attacked indulgences

b

How did Henry VIII react when the Pope refused to annul his marriage? a. he started a war b. he took control of the church c. he started the Reformation d. he imposed fines on the Roman Catholic Church

c

How many wives would Henry VIII have a. 3 b. 9 c. 6 d. 2

- people began to believe in themselves and view the world with greater optimism - people began to believe that they can accomplish good things with God's help - Christianity was officially divided between the Protestant and Roman Catholic religions - the Protestant ideas encourage individualism and competition. This lead directly to the growth of capitalism.

List the immediate impact of the Protestant Reformation.

1. state the problem (ask a question) 2. gather information on the problem (make observations/look up information about the problem to learn more about it) 3. form a hypothesis (create an if...then statement based on your information) 4. experiment (test your hypothesis) 5. record and analyze data (write down results of experiment) 6. state conclusion (come to a conclusion based on experiment) 7. repeat the steps (repeat with new variables)

List the steps of the scientific method and the actions of each step.

d

Luther believed that a. good deeds were necessary for salvation b. the pope was the sole religious authority c. the bible was a hoax d. salvation could be achieved through faith alone

a

Luther criticized the Roman Catholic Church for a. selling indulgences b. preaching forgiveness c. translating the bible into German d. believing in the bible

a

The artist of the Renaissance focused on a. humanistic concerns b. a spiritual world c. the universe d. the Catholic Church

c

The development of painting in Europe led to a. religious tolerance b. increase competition with China c. increase literacy d. increased corruption in the Roman Catholic Church

The cause for the council was the establish the direction that the reform should take to revive the moral authority and roll back the Protestant tide. The four things include the Church's interpretation of Scripture was final, Christians were saved by grace through faith and good works, the Bible, the Church traditions, and the magisterium are all equal authorities, and indulgences were valid but sale was outlawed.

What would be the cause for the Council of Trent? What would be the 4 things that come from the Council of Trent?

b

Which of the following best explains why the Renaissance occurred in Northern Europe later than it did in Italy? a. there was little interest in the arts in northern Europe b. the Black Death delayed the economic growth in Northern Europe c. few people were educated in northern Europe d. northern europe was a region of peasants

b

Which of the following contributed to the birth of the Renaissance in Italy? a. a new translation of the bible b. a wealthy and powerful merchant class c. the development of oil paintings d. the rise of Protestantism

a

Which of the following was a result of the Catholic Reformation? a. witch hunts b. increased tolerance for religious minorities c. the end of the Protestant religion d. the spread of Calvinism

a

Which of the following was an effect of the printing revolution in the 1500s? a. the spread of new ideas b. decreased funding for the arts c. increased competition d. the beginning of the compulsory education

c

Which of the following was not a factor of why the Renaissance started in Italy? a. location b. money c. famous painters d. head of the church

perspective

artistic technique used that creates a three-dimensional appearance

theocracy

government run by a church leader

Petrarch

humanist and author of Sonnets to Laura

Durer

painter who brought the Italian Renaissance to Germany

patron

person who provides financial support

Copernicus

scholar who believed the sun was at the center of the universe

Newton

scientist who discovered the law of gravity