Chapter 1-4 Exam review

Ribosomes A) are the site of protein synthesis B) do not occur in prokaryotic cells C) are made by the Golgi complex D) are membrane-bound organelles

are the site of protein synthesis

Which of the following are prokaryotic cells? A) fungi B) bacteria C) protists D) animals

bacteria

Which of the following structures is not a common destination for small vesicles that bud off the Golgi apparatus? A) lysosomes B) vacuole C) endoplasmic reticulum D) plasma membrane

endoplasmic reticulum

An atom has six protons and eight neutrons. Its atomic mass is ____________ atomic mass units. A) two B) six C) fourteen D) eight

fourteen

Plasmodesmata in plants function most similarly to which kind of connection in animals? A) gap junction B) tight junction C) desmosomes D) extracellular matrix

gap junction

A covalent bond A) involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another B) forms between different molecules C) is always polar D) involves a sharing of electrons

involves a sharing of electrons

A scientific theory A) is an explanation supported by alarge body of observations and experiments B) is not widely accepted by the scientific community C) is not open to modification D) is less significant than a fact

is an explanation supported by alarge body of observations and experiments

Chlorine has seven electrons in its valence shell. The number of electrons it must gain to complete its valence shell is: A) two B) eight C) seven D) one.

one.

Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same A) genus B) kingdom C) class D) order

order

The bond between two adjacent amino acids in a protein is a A) glycosidic linkage B) ester linkage C) phosphodiester linkage D) peptide bond

peptide bond

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) steroids B) lipids C) proteins D) starches

proteins

Which of the following have positive charges? A) protons B) electrons C) protons and neutrons D) neutrons

protons

The particles found in the nucleus of an atom are A) neutrons only B) protons and neutrons C) protons and electrons D) protons only

protons and neutrons

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) lysosomes B) mitochondria C) Golgi vesicles D) rough ER

rough ER

Why are membrane-bounded organelles able to facilitate faster chemical reactions? A) Membranes are permeable to all solutes and their enzymes. Membrane-bounded B) organelles act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. C) Enzymes are organized close together on the membrane surface. D) Membranes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

Enzymes are organized close together on the membrane surface.

Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within which organelle? A) Golgi complex. B) lysosomes. C) peroxisomes. D) mitochondria.

Golgi complex.

In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as A) homeostasis B) adaptation C) reproduction D) metabolism

Metabolism

If atom X contains 14 protons, 13 electrons, and 12 neutrons, and atom Y contains 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 12 neutrons, then you conclude that: A) X and Y are atoms of the same element B) X and Y are both ions. C) X and Y both have filled valence shells. D) X and Y are isotopes of the same element.

X and Y are atoms of the same element

The plasma membrane is A) a feature of all cells B) found in animal cells only C) found in plant cells only D) found in prokaryotic cells only

a feature of all cells

Proteins are made up of A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) nucleotides D) monosaccharides

amino acids

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A) an endoplasmic reticulum. B) ribosomes C) a plasma membrane D) DNA.

an endoplasmic reticulum.

Nucleotides A) consist of a sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base B) consists of a lipid and carbohydrate C) are nitrogenous bases D) occur only in DNA

consist of a sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base

Lysosomes: A) contain digestive enzymes B) process, sort, and modify proteins C) detoxify harmful compounds D) store waste materials

contain digestive enzymes

A chemical reaction in which polymers are synthesized from their building blocks is called: A) oxidation B) dissociation. C) hydrolysis. D) dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

A network of organelles that exchange materials through small membrane -enclosed transport vesicles is: A) peroxisomes B) cytoskeleton C) extracellular matrix D) endomembrane system

endomembrane system

Which of these has a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules covered by plasma membrane? A) eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella B) cilia only C) prokaryotic flagella only D) eukaryotic cilia and flagella

eukaryotic cilia and flagella

The tonoplast is A) found in prokaryotic cells only B) found in plant cells only C) found in animal cells only D) a feature of all cells

found in plant cells only

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum: A) processes, sorts, and modifies proteins B) is the site of protein synthesis C) is covered with ribosomes D) is the site of lipid synthesis

is the site of lipid synthesis

When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are: A) monosaccharides. B) nucleotides. C) amino acids. D) fatty acids.

nucleotides.

A base is a compound that A) donates protons B) forms water when mixed with a salt. C) releases positively charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. D) releases hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water.

releases hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water.

What does the nucleolus, within the nucleus, synthesize? A) messenger RNA B) ribosomal RNA C) genes D) DNA

ribosomal RNA

The cell theory states that all living organisms: A) can form a population of organisms that is able to adapt to the environment B) are composed of basic units called cells C) are multicellular D) macromolecules are the basic unit of organization and function

Are composed of the basic units called cells

Which of the following statements is NOT true about cell membranes? A) Cell membranes allow cells to conduct specialized activities in small areas of the cytoplasm B) Cell membranes may have enzymes embedded in them C) Cell membranes may be important in energy storage D) Cell membranes divide prokaryotic cells into compartments

Cell membranes divide prokaryotic cells into compartments

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the cytoskeleton? A) It provides structural support B) It is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments C) It functions in cell movement D) It is made up of membranes

It is made up of membranes

Which of the following is NOT true of lipids? A) They are polar B) They store energy. C) They function as hormones. D) They function as structural components of cellular membranes.

They are polar

The interaction of different polypeptide chains is representative of: A) a steroid hormone. B) the quaternary structure of a protein. C) a carotenoid. D) an amino acid.

the quaternary structure of a protein.

Why is it advantageous for cells to be small? A) A small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport. B) A small cell size occupies less space in nature where space is limited. C) A small cell is better able to conserve energy than a larger cell. D) A small cell has a small surface area relative to volume, thereby facilitating ion balance.

A small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport.

Hereditary information is encoded within ________ molecules. A) protein B) lipid C) DNA D) RNA

DNA

Which of the following sentences is true? A) Prokaryotic cells have inefficient transport because they are so small B) Eukaryotic organisms must be multicellular because their cells are so big C) Organelles help eukaryotic cells transport materials within the cell D) Unicellular organism size is not limited by their cell structure

Organelles help eukaryotic cells transport materials within the cell

Which of the following statements is true of proteins? A) All proteins are enzymes. B) Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted. C) The activity of proteins is independent of temperature and pH. D) Denaturation is always reversible

Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted.

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their: A) number of peptide bonds.. B) number of amine groups. C) number of acid groups. D) R or variable groups.

R or variable groups.

If atom X contains 14 protons, 13 electrons, and 12 neutrons, and atom Y contains 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 12 neutrons, then you conclude that A) Neither X nor Y are ions B) Y is an ion but X is not C) X is an ion but Y is not D) X and Y are both ions

X is an ion but Y is not

Which one of the following is a characteristic of asexual, as opposed to sexual, reproduction A) genes contributed by two parents B) formation of a fertilized egg C) high degree of genetic variation D) a cell splitting in half

a cell splitting in half

A clade is A) a group of organisms containing an ancestor and one of many descendants B) a group of organisms containing a common ancestor and all its descendants C) a group of organisms containing all descendants, but not the ancestor D) a group of organisms containing a common ancestor and most of its descendants

a group of organisms containing a common ancestor and all its descendants

All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute A) a population B) a community C) a clade D) an ecosystem

a population

A hypothesis is A) not falsifiable B) a conclusion C) a systematic thought process. D) a tentative explanation

a tentative explanation

When a small amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution does not change markedly. The pH also does not change drastically when a small amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this same solution. Based on these observations, the compound Na2HPO4 is: A) an enzyme facilitating the reaction between HCl and NaOH. B) acting as a buffer. C) able to donate hydrogen atoms to HCl. D) able to remove hydrogen ions from the OH- of NaOH.

acting as a buffer.

When tissues organize they form A) organism B) an organ C) an organ system D) a cell

an organ

The domain Eukarya includes all of the following EXCEPT A) fungi B) protists C) plants D) bacteria

bacteria

A solution having a pH of 6 would A) be slightly basic. B) be slightly acidic. C) have equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. D) have a higher concentrations of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

be slightly acidic

Biological growth involves an increase in A) the complexity of cells B) both the number and size of cells C) the number of cells D) the size of individual cells.

both the number and size of cells

The macromolecule that has an equal number of carbon and oxygen atoms and twice the number of hydrogen atoms is A) nucleic acid B) carbohydrate C) lipid D) protein

carbohydrate

The smooth ER is the primary site for the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol needed to make ____. A) ribosomes B) ATP C) cell membranes D) DNA

cell membranes

Thylakoids are found in: A) nuclei B) chloroplasts C) Golgi complex D) mitochondria

chloroplasts

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in A) nuclei. B) lysosomes. C) mitochondria. D) chloroplasts.

chloroplasts.

Comparing covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds, ____ bonds are strongest and ___ bonds are weakest. A) ionic; covalent B) hydrogen; ionic C) covalent; ionic D) covalent; hydrogen

covalent; hydrogen

Which strategy is most effective for larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio? A) locomotion B) having a thinner plasma membrane C) having a completely spherical shape D) having thin, finger-like projections

having thin, finger-like projections

Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets of proteins? A) hydrogen bonds B) ionic interactions C) hydrophobic interactions D) polar covalent bonds

hydrogen bonds

Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion? A) ribosome B) Golgi body C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosome

lysosome

The Golgi complex makes: A) lysosomes B) proteins C) chloroplasts D) mitochondria

lysosomes

Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. In this name, the specific epithet is: A) Zea mays B) corn C) mays D) Zea

mays

Energy-rich molecules are produced in: A) chloroplasts B) lysosomes C) nucleus D) mitochondria

mitochondria

Cyanide binds with at least one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Following exposure of a cell to cyanide, most of the cyanide could be expected to be found within the A) ribosomes B) mitochondria. C) lysosomes. D) endoplasmic reticulum.

mitochondria.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms? A) reproduction B) response to stimuli C) metabolism D) multicellularity

multicellularity

Isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of A) electrons only B) neutrons only C) protons only D) both neutrons and protons

neutrons only

The nucleolus is found inside the: A) cytoplasm B) nucleus C) endoplasmic reticulum D) vacuole

nucleus

A single cell in a smoker's lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the: A) nucleus. B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) lysosome. D) mitochondria.

nucleus.

In a water molecule, because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons are more commonly found around the ____________ nucleus than the ____________ nucleus. A) hydrogen; other hydrogen B) oxygen; hydrogen C) hydrogen; oxygen D) nitrogen; oxygen

oxygen; hydrogen

All of the following types of chemical bonds are responsible for maintaining the tertiary structure of polypeptides except: A) hydrogen bonds. B) ionic bonds. C) hydrophobic interactions. D) peptide bonds.

peptide bonds.

Cells that lack membrane-bound organelles are: A) prokaryotic B) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic C) eukaryotic D) viruses

prokaryotic

Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? A) rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane B) nuclear envelope → lysosome → Golgi → plasma membrane C) Golgi → lysosome → ER → plasma membrane D) tonoplast → plasma membrane → nuclear envelope → smooth ER

rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane

An atom has six protons and eight neutrons. Its atomic number is ____________ . A) eight B) fourteen C) six D) two

six

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) mitochondrion B) lysosome C) ribosome D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In the formation of common table salt, sodium and chlorine interact because A) there is no electron exchange. B) sodium and chlorine share a pair of electrons. C) sodium donates one electron to chlorine. D) chlorine donates seven electrons to sodium.

sodium donates one electron to chlorine.

Populations whose members can interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring make up a A) species B) genus C) clade D) family

species

The hydrocarbon chains of lipids are hydrophobic because: A) they interact readily with water B) they have a charge C) they contain functional groups. D) the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.

the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.

A molecule of a saturated triacylglycerol contains: A) the maximum number of triple bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. B) alternating single and double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. C) the maximum number of double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. D) the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains.

the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains.

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton except A) microtubules. B) the nuclear envelope. C) microfilaments. D) intermediate filaments.

the nuclear envelope.

An organelle that may store materials, water, or wastes is the: A) Golgi complex B) plasma membrane C) lysosome D) vacuole

vacuole