chapter 1-6 test

mead describes the active, creative, and spontaneous part of the self as the __________

I

although formal education is intended to transmit knowledge and skills, it unintentionally teaches students that the same rules apply to everyone. this university reflects what sociologists describe as _________________

a latent function

functionalists refer to how parts of society fit together to form a whole as ____________

a structure

another term used for the stage of development called transitional adulthood, which is between the ages of 18-29 is __________

adultescence

people and groups that influence our orientation to life, self-concepts, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are called _________

agents of socialization

people from all walks of life, races, and ethnic groups participate in the US legislative process. in view of this, what best describes american society

america is a pluralistic society

in kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs is satisfied is the ________ stage

amoral

jane is a 49 year old woman old irish german descent. what status does she have

ascribed status

the first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was _______.

auguste comte

what discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science

biology

the process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the "looking glass self" was developed by __________

charles horton cooley

clarisse and cindy are honor students who conduct themselves in a mature manner at the Christian college they attend in philly. this year for spring break, they decided to go to cancun, where they auditioned for the "girls gone wild" video. what best describes the probably reason behind the behavior of these girls

clarisse and cindy considered themselves on a moral holiday, which permitted them to "let their hair down"

karl marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ____________

class conflict

frankie and johnnie are both above average students, but they feel that they learn much more about life, success, and relationships with others from other students outside of the classroom. in this sense, frankie and johnnie are relying on the ________ for their education

corridor curriculum

the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another refers to

cultural diffusion

within a few blocks in midtown manhattan, you can purchase a bagel with cream cheese, a hot dog, a steak, a polish sausage, or a pizza as well as chow mien, lamb curry, sushi, lasagna, falafels, chicken, couscous, enchiladas, and a host of ethnic specialties. this range of culinary possibilities illustrates the process of ____________

cultural diffusion

mcdonald's sells quarter pounders in tokyo, moscow, paris, berlin, and practically every other major city in the world. mickey mouse and fred flintstone are among the most popular cartoon figures in mexico. these are examples of _____________

cultural leveling

language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, material objects, and technology that are passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe __________

culture

anthropologist ralph linton said, "the last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." what does this imply about culture

culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it

in the research model, the step in which the researcher specifies what he or she wants to learn about a specific topic of study is called ________

defining a problem

as societies grow larger, they divide work among members based on some standardized characteristics such as age or sex. this is referred to as ________

division of labor

of the following research topics, which most qualifies as research on the micro level? doctor patient relationship race relations the military multinational coporations

doctor patient relationship

the author added three values to the original list of ten core values that robin williams identified as the most common in american society. what are the 3 values added?

education, religiosity, and romantic love

sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe_______

expectations and rules of behavior that develop from values

true or false a group's way of thinking, including beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world, is classified as material culture

false

true or false because of the power of peers and social institutions, we are all prisoners of socialization

false

true or false research of the harlow's demonstrated that the key to mother-child bonding is the ability of another to provide food and other nutrition of offspring

false

true or false sociologists have always agreed that the most important goal of sociology is to generate social change

false

true or false sociologists usually embrace Freudian theory on personality development because of its universal acceptance among social sciences

false

andrea is an aspiring associate editor for a major publisher. she is single but feels married to her work. last year she received a $20,000 bonus for the excellent work she did in promoting new textbooks published by her employer. based on this infor, andrea's ascribed status is ______ and her achieved status is _________

female; associate editor

what two sociological perspectives are most linked to macrosociology

functionalism and conflict perspective

mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while john views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. mark would be considered a ___________ and john would be considered a _______________

functionalist; conflict theorist

ferdinand tonnes' term for the type of society he referred to as the "intimate community" was _______. the term he used to describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal association" was _____

gemeinschaft; gesellschaft

the smiths are going christmas shopping for the two children, dick and jane. they plan to buy dick a tonka truck and jane a barbie doll. their selection of toys for their children is an example of ____________ by parents

gender socialization

the symbolic interactionist who taught at the university of chicago and stressed that play was crucial to development of the concept of self

george herbert mead

more than twenty years prior to the birth of durkheim and weber, society in america an analysis of american social customs was published by sociologist _____________

harriet martineau

the term "survival of the fittest" is a principle part of the concept of social darwinism coined by ________

herbert spencer

a statement that describes how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory is known as a _______

hypothesis

what is the three primary variables in determining social class

income, education, and occupational prestige

based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted

intimate early social interation

the social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was _____________

karl marx

is this an example of micro or macrosociology analysis? a study of the social norms used by street corner men

macrosociology

according to robert merton, ________ are intended beneficial consequences of people's actions

manifest functions

a position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking army officer, a college president, or a handicapped olympian, would be considered that persons ________

master status

jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of ________

material culture

based on durkheim's classification of society, the old order amish would fall into what category??

mechanical solidarity

what conclusion did psychologists susan goldberg and michael lewis make after observing the interactions of mothers and their children

mothers unconsciously rewarded their daughters for being dependent

which of the following group is least qualified as a social institution? neighborhood street gang family religious group military unit

neighborhood street gang

the emerging tools and skills needed to use them, which have a significant impact on social life are called______________

new technology

expectations that guide our behavior are called ________

norms

mechanical solidarity is to gemeinschaft as _____ solidarity is to gesellschaft

organic

the social institution that is most recognized for allocating power, determining authority, and preventing chaos is _______

politics

receiving the medal of honor and making the deans list are both examples of ______________

positive sanctions

anthony, a retired army officer, is a professor of sociology at a small state university. during the vietnam way, he was awarded the medal of honor and he usually wears on small ribbon on the lapel of his suit coat denoting this. he also wears his west point ring from the class of 1965. using the terminology of dramaturgy, the lapel pin and class ring would be classified as ______

props

the term "cultural lag", referring to the varying ______________ amoung the elmental within cultures was coined by ______________

rates of change: william ogburn

jean piaget's use of the term "operational" is most aligned with the concept of ________

reasoning skills

the sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of american society was _____________

robin williams

what is the correct sequence of steps in the research process??? collect data, share results, select a topic, review literature

select a topic, review literature, collect data, share the results

according to piaget, the stage of development that is dominated by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize cause and effect is the ________ stage

sensorimotor

the notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ___________.

social darwinism

when sociologist's group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine __________.

social location

what concept do sociologists refer to when they say that "Society makes us human"

socialization

the sociological perspective emphasizes how the social context influences people's lives, particularly how people are influenced by __________.

society

signs that identify a position in society that someone occupies are referred to as ______

status symbols

a face saving technique in which all parties involved in an embarrassing situation never happened is referred to as _____

studied nonobservance

when a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time its values and norms reflect the dominant culture of its society, the group would be considered a ______________

subculture

hank is the son of a middle class family. he took the family car without permission last night, returning home at 3 am with the smell of alcohol on his breath. it is likely, based on research of kohn, the next day, frank's parents will ____________________

suspend franks driving privlieges for a month and discuss with frank the dangers of drinking and driving

which sociological perspective is most linked microsociology

symbolic interactionism

sociologist who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ____________

symbolic interactionist

according to mead, what would he consider the most essential for an individual to be a full-fledged member of society

the ability to take the role of another

in freud's theory, what part of the personality represents the pleasure seeking aspect, demanding immediate fulfillment of basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex

the id

what term applies to the stages that people pass from birth to death, beginning with "Childhood" and ending with "the older years"

the life course

based on dramaturgy, what is the definition of social setting

the sign vehicle where action unfolds

in the "nature vs nurture" argument regarding socialization, the "nurture" component refers to _____________

the social environment

the concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ___________.

the sociological perspective

the university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when albion small headed the department was __________

the university of chicago

in america, why is spanish, rather than english, continuously spoken from generation to generation, with greater commitment than any other non-english speaking language

there is a constant influx of new hispanic immigrants into the US

leo, ryan, and matthew regularly interact with one another and share similar values, norms, and expectations. in view of this, which concept most applies to their relationship?

they are a group

harry is in the campus dining hall and has chosen a cheeseburger and fries rather than a veggie burger. harvey, a frat playboy, claims he has only dated the most beautiful women on campus. horace considers earning an "a" in a course for superior than a "c" or even a "b". what do they all have in common

they are expressing their own values in the choices they make

john and doug are both full prfessors in a state university, holding doctorate degrees from ivy league schools. both make about the same salary and enjoy similar sense of prestige in the community and on campus. based only on this information, what do john and doug have in common

they are members of the same social class

in amsterdam, a 21 year old prostitute is scantily clothed, exhibiting her attributes in storefront, smiling at potential patrons as they walk by. based on this mental image, what best describes what is in progress

this is an example of social interaction

if people define a situation as real, they are real in the consequence. this statement is known as the ______

thomas theorem

max weber used the term verstehen to mean _________

to grasp by insight

true or false a person receiving a positive sanction would be expected to maintain the behavior that he or she exhibited when receiving the sanction

true

true or false a person who professes a belief in freedom and equality, but also demonstrates behavior that is sexist and racist is involved in value contradiction

true

true or false ascribed status is involuntary and achieved status is voluntary

true

true or false conflict theorists and functionalists would most likely focus on such things as social class and group relationships and would use the macrosociological approach

true

true or false culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us

true

true or false gender serves as the primary basis for social inequality

true

true or false herbert spencer believed the most capable and intelligent members of society would survive while the weak and "less fit" would die, this improving society, in a master plan that he called "survival of the fittest"

true

true or false in piaget's model for children's development of reasoning skills, the term "reason skills" is synonymous with the term "operational" as it is used in the theory

true

true or false language allows culture to develop by freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences

true

true or false mead emphasized that in order to learn to take a role of the "other" a child must pass through three states- imitation, play, and team game

true

true or false parents are the first significant others to teach children about the fundamental symbolic division of the world

true

true or false social class, gender, race, and ethnicity are aspects of one's life into the category of social location

true

true or false sociologists who use the functionalist perspective stress how industrialization and urbanization have undermined the traditional functions of the family

true

true or false the sociological significance of social structure is that it guides our behavior

true

true or false without language there can be no culture, no shared way of life

true

in the statement, "poverty causes crime" the words "poverty" and "crime" are best described as _________

variable

the first african american to earn a doctorate from harvard university, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in america and was one of the founders of the naacp was __________

w.e.b. dubois