chapter 1-6 test
mead describes the active, creative, and spontaneous part of the self as the __________
I
although formal education is intended to transmit knowledge and skills, it unintentionally teaches students that the same rules apply to everyone. this university reflects what sociologists describe as _________________
a latent function
functionalists refer to how parts of society fit together to form a whole as ____________
a structure
another term used for the stage of development called transitional adulthood, which is between the ages of 18-29 is __________
adultescence
people and groups that influence our orientation to life, self-concepts, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are called _________
agents of socialization
people from all walks of life, races, and ethnic groups participate in the US legislative process. in view of this, what best describes american society
america is a pluralistic society
in kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs is satisfied is the ________ stage
amoral
jane is a 49 year old woman old irish german descent. what status does she have
ascribed status
the first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was _______.
auguste comte
what discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science
biology
the process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the "looking glass self" was developed by __________
charles horton cooley
clarisse and cindy are honor students who conduct themselves in a mature manner at the Christian college they attend in philly. this year for spring break, they decided to go to cancun, where they auditioned for the "girls gone wild" video. what best describes the probably reason behind the behavior of these girls
clarisse and cindy considered themselves on a moral holiday, which permitted them to "let their hair down"
karl marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ____________
class conflict
frankie and johnnie are both above average students, but they feel that they learn much more about life, success, and relationships with others from other students outside of the classroom. in this sense, frankie and johnnie are relying on the ________ for their education
corridor curriculum
the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another refers to
cultural diffusion
within a few blocks in midtown manhattan, you can purchase a bagel with cream cheese, a hot dog, a steak, a polish sausage, or a pizza as well as chow mien, lamb curry, sushi, lasagna, falafels, chicken, couscous, enchiladas, and a host of ethnic specialties. this range of culinary possibilities illustrates the process of ____________
cultural diffusion
mcdonald's sells quarter pounders in tokyo, moscow, paris, berlin, and practically every other major city in the world. mickey mouse and fred flintstone are among the most popular cartoon figures in mexico. these are examples of _____________
cultural leveling
language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, material objects, and technology that are passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe __________
culture
anthropologist ralph linton said, "the last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." what does this imply about culture
culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it
in the research model, the step in which the researcher specifies what he or she wants to learn about a specific topic of study is called ________
defining a problem
as societies grow larger, they divide work among members based on some standardized characteristics such as age or sex. this is referred to as ________
division of labor
of the following research topics, which most qualifies as research on the micro level? doctor patient relationship race relations the military multinational coporations
doctor patient relationship
the author added three values to the original list of ten core values that robin williams identified as the most common in american society. what are the 3 values added?
education, religiosity, and romantic love
sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe_______
expectations and rules of behavior that develop from values
true or false a group's way of thinking, including beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world, is classified as material culture
false
true or false because of the power of peers and social institutions, we are all prisoners of socialization
false
true or false research of the harlow's demonstrated that the key to mother-child bonding is the ability of another to provide food and other nutrition of offspring
false
true or false sociologists have always agreed that the most important goal of sociology is to generate social change
false
true or false sociologists usually embrace Freudian theory on personality development because of its universal acceptance among social sciences
false
andrea is an aspiring associate editor for a major publisher. she is single but feels married to her work. last year she received a $20,000 bonus for the excellent work she did in promoting new textbooks published by her employer. based on this infor, andrea's ascribed status is ______ and her achieved status is _________
female; associate editor
what two sociological perspectives are most linked to macrosociology
functionalism and conflict perspective
mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while john views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. mark would be considered a ___________ and john would be considered a _______________
functionalist; conflict theorist
ferdinand tonnes' term for the type of society he referred to as the "intimate community" was _______. the term he used to describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal association" was _____
gemeinschaft; gesellschaft
the smiths are going christmas shopping for the two children, dick and jane. they plan to buy dick a tonka truck and jane a barbie doll. their selection of toys for their children is an example of ____________ by parents
gender socialization
the symbolic interactionist who taught at the university of chicago and stressed that play was crucial to development of the concept of self
george herbert mead
more than twenty years prior to the birth of durkheim and weber, society in america an analysis of american social customs was published by sociologist _____________
harriet martineau
the term "survival of the fittest" is a principle part of the concept of social darwinism coined by ________
herbert spencer
a statement that describes how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory is known as a _______
hypothesis
what is the three primary variables in determining social class
income, education, and occupational prestige
based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted
intimate early social interation
the social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was _____________
karl marx
is this an example of micro or macrosociology analysis? a study of the social norms used by street corner men
macrosociology
according to robert merton, ________ are intended beneficial consequences of people's actions
manifest functions
a position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking army officer, a college president, or a handicapped olympian, would be considered that persons ________
master status
jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of ________
material culture
based on durkheim's classification of society, the old order amish would fall into what category??
mechanical solidarity
what conclusion did psychologists susan goldberg and michael lewis make after observing the interactions of mothers and their children
mothers unconsciously rewarded their daughters for being dependent
which of the following group is least qualified as a social institution? neighborhood street gang family religious group military unit
neighborhood street gang
the emerging tools and skills needed to use them, which have a significant impact on social life are called______________
new technology
expectations that guide our behavior are called ________
norms
mechanical solidarity is to gemeinschaft as _____ solidarity is to gesellschaft
organic
the social institution that is most recognized for allocating power, determining authority, and preventing chaos is _______
politics
receiving the medal of honor and making the deans list are both examples of ______________
positive sanctions
anthony, a retired army officer, is a professor of sociology at a small state university. during the vietnam way, he was awarded the medal of honor and he usually wears on small ribbon on the lapel of his suit coat denoting this. he also wears his west point ring from the class of 1965. using the terminology of dramaturgy, the lapel pin and class ring would be classified as ______
props
the term "cultural lag", referring to the varying ______________ amoung the elmental within cultures was coined by ______________
rates of change: william ogburn
jean piaget's use of the term "operational" is most aligned with the concept of ________
reasoning skills
the sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of american society was _____________
robin williams
what is the correct sequence of steps in the research process??? collect data, share results, select a topic, review literature
select a topic, review literature, collect data, share the results
according to piaget, the stage of development that is dominated by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize cause and effect is the ________ stage
sensorimotor
the notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ___________.
social darwinism
when sociologist's group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine __________.
social location
what concept do sociologists refer to when they say that "Society makes us human"
socialization
the sociological perspective emphasizes how the social context influences people's lives, particularly how people are influenced by __________.
society
signs that identify a position in society that someone occupies are referred to as ______
status symbols
a face saving technique in which all parties involved in an embarrassing situation never happened is referred to as _____
studied nonobservance
when a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time its values and norms reflect the dominant culture of its society, the group would be considered a ______________
subculture
hank is the son of a middle class family. he took the family car without permission last night, returning home at 3 am with the smell of alcohol on his breath. it is likely, based on research of kohn, the next day, frank's parents will ____________________
suspend franks driving privlieges for a month and discuss with frank the dangers of drinking and driving
which sociological perspective is most linked microsociology
symbolic interactionism
sociologist who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ____________
symbolic interactionist
according to mead, what would he consider the most essential for an individual to be a full-fledged member of society
the ability to take the role of another
in freud's theory, what part of the personality represents the pleasure seeking aspect, demanding immediate fulfillment of basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex
the id
what term applies to the stages that people pass from birth to death, beginning with "Childhood" and ending with "the older years"
the life course
based on dramaturgy, what is the definition of social setting
the sign vehicle where action unfolds
in the "nature vs nurture" argument regarding socialization, the "nurture" component refers to _____________
the social environment
the concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ___________.
the sociological perspective
the university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when albion small headed the department was __________
the university of chicago
in america, why is spanish, rather than english, continuously spoken from generation to generation, with greater commitment than any other non-english speaking language
there is a constant influx of new hispanic immigrants into the US
leo, ryan, and matthew regularly interact with one another and share similar values, norms, and expectations. in view of this, which concept most applies to their relationship?
they are a group
harry is in the campus dining hall and has chosen a cheeseburger and fries rather than a veggie burger. harvey, a frat playboy, claims he has only dated the most beautiful women on campus. horace considers earning an "a" in a course for superior than a "c" or even a "b". what do they all have in common
they are expressing their own values in the choices they make
john and doug are both full prfessors in a state university, holding doctorate degrees from ivy league schools. both make about the same salary and enjoy similar sense of prestige in the community and on campus. based only on this information, what do john and doug have in common
they are members of the same social class
in amsterdam, a 21 year old prostitute is scantily clothed, exhibiting her attributes in storefront, smiling at potential patrons as they walk by. based on this mental image, what best describes what is in progress
this is an example of social interaction
if people define a situation as real, they are real in the consequence. this statement is known as the ______
thomas theorem
max weber used the term verstehen to mean _________
to grasp by insight
true or false a person receiving a positive sanction would be expected to maintain the behavior that he or she exhibited when receiving the sanction
true
true or false a person who professes a belief in freedom and equality, but also demonstrates behavior that is sexist and racist is involved in value contradiction
true
true or false ascribed status is involuntary and achieved status is voluntary
true
true or false conflict theorists and functionalists would most likely focus on such things as social class and group relationships and would use the macrosociological approach
true
true or false culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us
true
true or false gender serves as the primary basis for social inequality
true
true or false herbert spencer believed the most capable and intelligent members of society would survive while the weak and "less fit" would die, this improving society, in a master plan that he called "survival of the fittest"
true
true or false in piaget's model for children's development of reasoning skills, the term "reason skills" is synonymous with the term "operational" as it is used in the theory
true
true or false language allows culture to develop by freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences
true
true or false mead emphasized that in order to learn to take a role of the "other" a child must pass through three states- imitation, play, and team game
true
true or false parents are the first significant others to teach children about the fundamental symbolic division of the world
true
true or false social class, gender, race, and ethnicity are aspects of one's life into the category of social location
true
true or false sociologists who use the functionalist perspective stress how industrialization and urbanization have undermined the traditional functions of the family
true
true or false the sociological significance of social structure is that it guides our behavior
true
true or false without language there can be no culture, no shared way of life
true
in the statement, "poverty causes crime" the words "poverty" and "crime" are best described as _________
variable
the first african american to earn a doctorate from harvard university, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in america and was one of the founders of the naacp was __________
w.e.b. dubois
