Chapter 1

encoder

something that takes a message in one form (for example, nerve impulses) and translates it into another form (for example, sound waves). In human communication, the encoder is the speaking mechanism; in electronic communication, the encoder is, for example, the telephone mouthpiece

Messages

take many forms and are transmitted or received through one or more sensory organs or a combination of them.

small group communication

team communication is communication among groups of, say five to ten people and take place face to face, or in virtual space.

irreversaibility

the ability not to take it back when you say, email, and fax a piece of communication.

legitimate power

the belief by others that you have a right by virtue of your position-to influence or control others' behaviors.

Intrapersonal communication

the communication you have with yourself-when you talk with, learn about, and judge yourself.

Effect

the outcome or consequence of an action or behavior; communication is assumed always to have some effect

Noise

anything that interferes with your receiving a message

Ambiguity

is the condition in which something can be interpreted in more than one way

models

A representation of a theory or process, thought to be linear

phatic communication

"small talk" that opens the way for "big talk."

Source

Any person or thing that creates a messages. A source may be an individual speaking, writing, or gesturing or a computer sending an error message

Receiver

Any person or thing that takes in messages. Receivers may be individuals listening to or reading a message, a group of persons hearing a speech a speech, a scattered television audience, or machines that store information

expert power

Derives from a person's expertise, skill, or knowledge on which others depend

signal-to-noise ratio

In verbal interaction, the relationship between what is signal (i.e.meaningful) and what is noise (i.e., interference). This ratio also is relative to the communication analyst, the participants, and the context.

decoder

Something that takes a message in one form (e.g., sound waves) and translates it into another form (e.g., nerve impulses) from which meaning can be formulated (e.g. in vocal-auditory communication). In human communication the decoder is the auditory mechanism; in electronic communication the decoder is, for example, the telephone earpiece.

context of communication

The physical, psychological, social, and temporal envirnoment in which communication takes place

decoding

The process of extracting a message from a code-for example, translating speech sounds into nerve impulses

encoding

The process of putting a message into a code--for example, translating nerve impulse into speech sounds

feedback

You hear what you say, you feel the way you move, you see what you write.(self-feedback). Feedback from others include frown, a smile, yea, nay, a returned poke, or retweet

Interviewing

a form of interpersonal communication that proceeds by question and answer.

Computer-mediated communication

a general term that includes all forms of communication between people that take place through some kind of computer, e.g, smartphone or standard internet connection.

metamessage

a message that refers to another message; it is communication about communications.

information power

a.k.a persuasion power-when others see you as having the ability to communicate logically and persuasively.

Public communication

communication between a speaker and an audience.

Mass Communication

communication from one source to many receivers who may be scattered throughout the world

inevitablity

communication that is, interactional situations it is always taking place, even when a person may not intend or want to communicate

Human Communication

consists of the sending and receiving of verbal and nonverbal messages between two or more people.

choice points

moments when you have to make a choice as to whom ou communicate with, what you say, what you don't say, how you phrase what you want to say, and so on.

relationship messages

msgs about relationships. women send more of these than men

Interpersonal communication

occurs when you interact with person with whom you have some kind of relationship; it can take place, face to face, electronic channels, or with letter writing

coercive power

power based on one's ability to administer punishment, or remove rewards if they don't comply with you.

reward power

power based on one's person ability to award another person

punctuation of communications

segmenting of the continuous stream of communication into smaller pieces (broken down into causes and effects or stimuli ad responses)

channel

the vehicle or medium through which messages pass

content and relationship dimension

two simultaneous aspects of any given communication: the aspect that pertains to the world external to both the speaker and listener (i.e. content) and the aspect of having to do with relationship between individuals (i.e. relationships)

referent powers

when others wish to be like you.