Chapter 1: Development

John ______ was an attachment theorist who stressed that attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important consequences throughout the life span.

Bowlby

Researchers in life-span development have a special concern with studies that focus on the relation of ______ to some other variable.

age

Development

the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

True or false: The life-span perspective involves sociocultural and individual factors, but not biological factors.

False

______ stressed that a human infant's attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has consequences throughout life.

John Bowlby

Which are possible reasons for the finding that happiness increases as people age?

Older people have years of experience in problem-solving. Older people have better relationships. There is less pressure to achieve for older people.

Select the three areas of development.

Socioemotional Cognitive Biological

Which statement about the human life span is TRUE?

The maximum human life span has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.

A central focus in developmental research is plasticity, which refers to

a person's capacity for change.

Development is the pattern of movement or change that:

begins at conception and continues through the human life span.

Which of the following are factors in which ethnicity is rooted?

cultural heritage race nationality

What term describes the beliefs, customs, and general behavior patterns of a group of people?

culture

_________ encompasses the behavior patterns and beliefs that are passed from generation to generation.

culture

The ______ period refers to a time frame in a person's life that is characterized by certain features.

developmental

According to ______, the presence or absence of certain experiences is especially important during specific time frames called critical periods.

ethologists

life ______ is the average number of years a person born in a particular year can expect to live.

expectancy

______ refers to the characteristics of people as males and females.

gender

The roles that each of the following play in development are debated, EXCEPT

good-evil.

Developmentalists believe that biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes

interact as people develop.

What are two approaches that researchers in life-span development use when studying the relationship of age to some other variable?

longitudinal approach cross-sectional approach

Life expectancy in the United States has increased as a result of which of the following?

medicine improved sanitation nutrition

Development is ______, which means that researchers in many different fields have an interest in understanding the many aspects of development.

multidisciplinary

In lifespan development, which term refers to the capacity for change?

plasticity

The periods of development in the human life span are

produced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.

What of the following characteristics would be most likely to increase the odds of resilience in children?

relationship with a caring parent

The _____ ______ consists of the following steps: conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect research data, analyze the data, and draw conclusions.

scientific method

What are some characteristics that tend to increase the odds of resilience?

self-confidence higher socioeconomic status faith

Culture, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are ______ components of life-span development.

sociocultural

Which framework outlines how research in life-span development should be conducted?

the scientific method

Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting research in life-span development?

to determine whether development is important

Which four of the following concepts are particularly useful when studying the sociocultural context?

socioeconomic status gender ethnicity culture

Select the issues of development among the following.

stability and change nature and nurture continuity and discontinuity

Which of the following are characteristics of the life-span perspective of development?

It is lifelong. It is multidirectional. It is multidimensional.

Which of the following statements about ethnicity are true?

Ethnicity can include race and religion. Cultural heritage and language are aspects of ethnicity. There can be diversity within ethnic groups.

________ theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.

Ethological

Which of the following statements about gender are true?

Gender is one of the most important influences on our identity and relationships. Gender refers to the characteristics of being male or female.

The upper boundary of the human life span (based on the oldest age documented) is _____ years.

122