mastering chem ch.13 & 14

______ is burped up from the bottom of a water-filled volcanic crater.

Carbon dioxide

Rank the following substances in order from most soluble in water to least soluble in water: ethane, C2H6; 2-butanol, C4H9OH; table salt, NaCl; and propane, C3H8.

NaCl is the most soluble because it is a salt. Next. 2-butanol because it is an alcohol. Then, propane because both propane and ethane are non polar but propane has more Hydrogen than can bond with water. Last is ethane.

An aqueous solution is saturated with both a solid and a gas at 5 ∘C. What is likely to happen if the solution is heated to 85 ∘C?

Some gas will bubble out of solution and more solid will dissolve

Rank the organic compounds from most soluble to least soluble. C4H9OH, C4H7OOH, C4H10O, C4H10

C4H7OOH, C4H9OH, C4H10O, C4H10

Water is known as a polar molecule because

-the electrons of the covalent bond are not shared equally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. -the oxygen atom has a greater attraction for electrons than the hydrogen atom does

If the uncatalyzed reaction occurs in a single elementary step, why is it a slow reaction?

Generally collisions between particles with the correct energy and orientation both must occur for a reaction to proceed. However, since the specific reagents are symmetrical cations, collisions will be at the correct orientation regardless.

Correctly classify each of the following compounds as highly soluble or as either slightly soluble or insoluble in water. NaCl, KOH, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3OH, Na2SO4, CH2Cl2, CH3(CH2)5OH, C6H6, C6H14, CCl4, CHCl3, KNO3

Highly Soluble: NaCl, KOH, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3OH, Na2SO4, KNO3 Insoluble: C6H6, C6H14, CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3(CH2)5OH

Which interactions and processes contribute to the dissolution of ionic compounds in water?

Hydration Affinity of oxygen towards cations Affinity of hydrogen towards anions Ion dipole interaction

For which salt, K2SO4, Li2SO4, KClO4, or NH4Cl, will increasing the temperature of the water have the greatest change in solubility per 100 g solvent?

NH4Cl because it has the steepest slope

Give the major force between ethanol and rubbing alcohol.

hydrogen bonding

Based on their available oxidation states, rank the following metals on their ability to catalyze this and other oxidation-reduction reactions. Rank from best to worst catalyst vanadium. manganese, titanium

manganese, vanadium, titanium Manganese is especially useful because it can form every oxidation state from +2 to +7. Vanadium catalysts are most commonly used to produce sulfuric acid and titanium catalysts can be used to make various polymers.

If two substances are soluble in all proportions then they are ________ in each other.

miscible

In the hydrogenation of double bonds, a catalyst is needed. In the third step, the reactants react to form the product. This step is known as

reaction

A solution in which the dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with the solid solute is called

saturated solution

Classify if they are exothermic or endothermic separation of solute molecules separation of solvent molecules formation of solute-solvent molecules

separation of solute molecules- endothermic separation of solvent molecules- endothermic formation of solute-solvent molecules-exothermic