Chapter 1 Homework ( Hard Questions)

In 1811 Amedeo Avogadro proposed that equal volumes of all gases measured at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

A hypothesis

A Purdue engineer develops a method for causing aluminum to react with water to generate hydrogen for automobiles.

Applied Research

A Virginia Tech chemist tests a method for analyzing coal powder in less than a minute, before the powder goes into a coal-fired energy plant.

Applied research

A biochemist runs experiments to determine how oxygen binds to the blood cells of lobsters.

Basic Research

How does green chemistry reduce risk?

By reducing hazard or exposure

Yogurt is made by allowing a bacterial culture to ferment in warm milk.

Chemical Property

Joseph Gay-Lussac reacted hydrogen and oxygen to produce water vapor and he reacted nitrogen and oxygen to form either dinitrogen oxide (N2O) or nitrogen monoxide (NO). Gay-Lussac found that hydrogen and oxygen react in a 2:1 volume ratio and that nitrogen and oxygen can react in 2:1 or 1:1 volume ratios, depending on the product.

Experiment

What one characteristic distinguishes science from others

It is Testable

What does a large DQ mean?

Large Benefits over small risks

Universally true statement

Law

Sugar is dissolved in water to make syrup.

Physical Property

In 1808 Gay-Lussac published a paper in which he stated that the relative volumes of gases in a chemical reaction are present in the ratio of small integers provided that all gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

Scientific Law

5 distinguishing characteristics of science

Testable, Explanatory, Predictive, Reproducible, Tentative

By the middle of the century, Rudolf Clausius, James Clerk Maxwell, and others had developed a detailed rationalization of the behavior of gases in terms of molecular motions.

Theory