Chapter 1 Introduction to Matter
Assume that a water balloon has the same number of water molecules as a helium balloon has helium atoms. If the mass of the water is 4.5 times greater than the mass of helium, how does the mass of a water molecule compare with the mass of a helium atom?
The mass of a water molecule is 4.5 times greater.
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
Compounds can be separated only by
breaking the bonds between the atoms
What is the volume of a box that is 12 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high?
288 cm3
A unit of sulfuric acid is a molecule of 2 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur, 4 atoms of oxygen. How many of each type of atom are there in 2 molecules of sulfuric acid?
4 hydrogen atoms, 2 sulfur atoms, 8 oxygen
What is the volume of a rock that was placed in a graduated cylinder if the original water level was 50 mL and it rose to 55 mL?
5 mL
What is an example of something that is matter and why?
A book is matter because it has mass and takes up space.
Why is an element considered a pure substance?
An element contains only one type of atom.
Why might a small increase in the dimensions of an object cause a large change in its volume?
Each of the three dimensions increases, so , for example, doubling the dimensions increases the volume by a multiple of 8.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is a measure of how much matter an object contains, but weight is the downward pull on an object due to gravity.
How are matter and mass related?
Mass is a measure of how much matter an object contains.
the smallest basic unit of matter
atom
a substance that results when two or more different types of atoms bond together
compound
a substance that contains only a single type of atom
element
state of matter with no fixed volume and no fixed shape
gas
Whether a substance is a solid, a liquid, or a gas depends on how close its atoms are to one another and
how free the atoms are to move
The standard unit of measuring mass is the
kilogram
To find the volume of a regular rectangular solid you use
length x width x height
matter with a definite volume but no definite shape
liquid
a measure of how much matter an object contains
mass
A unit for measuring the volume of a liquid is the
milliliter
a combination of different substances that remain individual substances
mixture
a particle made of two or more atoms bonded together
molecule
To find the volume of a rectangular box
multiply the length, width, and height
matter with a definite volume and shape
solid
The weight of an object is measured by using a scale that
tells how hard the object is pushing or puling on it
To find the volume of an irregular solid you use
water displacement
the downward pull of gravity
weight
