Chapter 1 / Matter, Measurement,​ and Problem Solving

A new penny has a mass of 2.46 gg and a volume of 0.349 cm3. a - What is the average density of the penny? Express your answer in grams per cubic centimeter. b - Given that pure copper has a density of about 8.96 g/cm3, is the penny made of pure copper?

7.05 g/cm3

The value of the Euro is currently $1.43 U.S. and the price of 1 liter of gasoline in France is 1.45 Euro. a - What is the price of 1 gallon of gasoline in U.S. dollars in France?

7.85 $U.S./gallon

How many significant figures are in the measurement, 0.003510 g? A - 4 B - 5 C - 6 D - 7 E - 8

A

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is:9.3 × 6.68 = ________ A - 62 B - 62.12 C - 62.1 D - 62.1240 E - 62.124

A

What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (965.43 × 3.911) + 9413.4136 A - 13189 B - 13189.2 C - 1.32 × 104 D - 1.319 × 104 E - 1.3 × 104

A

A solid metal sphere has a radius of 3.53 cmcm and a mass of 2.099 kg. What is the density of the metal in g/cm3? The volume of sphere is V=43πr3 A - 142g/cm3 B - 11.4g/cm3 C - 8.78×10−2g/cm3 D - 40.2g/cm3

B

A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion is A - a heterogeneous mixture B - .a compound. C - a solution D - .an alloy. E -a homogeneous mixture.

B

Because of the high heat and low humidity in the summer in Death Valley, California, a hiker requires about one quart of water for every two miles traveled on foot. Calculate the approximate number of liters of water required for the hiker to walk 10. kilometers in Death Valley and stay healthy. A - 12 L B - 2.9 L C - 30 L D - 165 L E - 47 L

B

Define matter. A - Matter is anything that does not occupy space B - Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass C - Matter is anything that has a fixed density D - Matter is anything that has a fixed volume.

B

Determine the density of an object that has a mass of 149.8 g and displaces 12.1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder. A - 8.08 g/mL B - 12.4 g/mL C - 11.4 g/mL D - 18.1 g/mL E - 1.38 g/mL

B

How does distillation work to separate mixtures? A - by heating the sample in order to obtain precipitate for further filtration B - by boiling of the more volatile liquid C - by multiple filtration D - by osmosis E - by boiling of all liquids at the same time

B

How many significant figures are there in 0.05030? A - three B - four C - five D - six

B

How many significant figures are there in the answer for the following problem?57.5 + 0.9933 + 21 = ? A - one B - two C - three D - four

B

Round the following number to four significant figures and express the result in standard exponential notation: 0.00222755 A - 2.228 × 103 B - 2.228 × 10-3 C - 22.28 × 102 D - 0.002228 E - 0.2228 × 10-2

B

The recommended adult dose of Elixophyllin, a drug used to treat asthma, is 6.00 mg/kg of body mass. Calculate the dose in milligrams for a 126-lb person. 1 lb = 453.59 g. A - 3.4 × 105 mg B - 343 mg C - 1,667 mg D - 1.7 mg22 mg

B

The width, length, and height of a large, custom-made shipping crate are 1.20 m, 2.12 m, and 0.83 m respectively. The volume of the box using the correct number of significant figures is ________ m3. A - 2.112 B - 2.1 C - 2.11152 D - 2.11 E - 2.1115

B

What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (433.621 - 333.9) × 11.900 A - 1.187 × 103 B - 1.19 × 103 C - 1.186799 × 103 D - 1.18680 × 103 E - 1.1868 × 103

B

Which of the following is the smallest volume? A - 2.8 × 102 mL B - 1.8 × 107 nL C - 0.13 dL D - 22 cm3

B

Choose the pure substance from the list below. A - tea B - a casserole C - water D - grape juice E - salt

C

If 1.4% of the mass of a human body is calcium, how many kilograms of calcium are there in a 173-pound man? A - 5.3 × 102 kg Ca B - 5.3 kg Ca C - 1.1 kg Ca D - 9.8 kg Ca E - 1.1 × 102 kg Ca

C

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture? A - A pure substance is a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in variable proportions; a mixture is a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in fixed proportions. B - A pure substance is a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules; a mixture is a substance of only one type of atom or molecule. C- A pure substance is composed of only one type of atom or molecule; a mixture is a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules. D - A pure substance is a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in fixed proportions; a mixture is a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in variable proportions.

C

What kind of mixtures can be separated by filtration? A - two-liquid compounds B - two insoluble solid compounds C - an insoluble solid and a liquid compound D - any mixture can be separated by filtration E - none of the listed

C

What wavelength of light would you report in units of nm, if the light had a wavelength of 4.60 × 10-10 m? A - 4.60 × 10-19 nm B - 460 nm C - 0.460 nm D - 4.60 × 10-3 nm E - 4.60 nm

C

A mass of mercury occupies 0.750 L. What volume would an equal mass of ethanol occupy? The density of mercury is 13.546 g/mL, and the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL. A - 22.9 L B - 0.0437 L C - 0.0777 L D - 12.9 L

D

A piece of metal ore weighs 8.75 g. When a student places it into a graduated cylinder containing water, the liquid level rises from 21.25 mL to 26.47 mL. What is the density of the ore? A - 0.597 g/mL B - 5.20 g/mL C - 0.312 g/mL D -1.68 g/mL

D

A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 1.07 g/mL, 1.83 g/mL, 1.94 g/mL, and 1.75 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 1.75 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results? A - Her results are precise, but not accurate. B - Her results are accurate, but not precise. C - Her results are both precise and accurate. D - Her results are neither precise nor accurate. E - It isn't possible to determine with the information given.

D

Dalton's Atomic Theory states A - that the properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms. B- that an atom is predominantly empty space. C - that all elements have several isotopes. D - that matter is composed of small indestructible particles. E - that energy is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

D

If a solution has a temperature of 455 K, what is its temperature in degrees Celsius? A - 851°C B - 235°C C - 555°C D - 182°C E - 728°C

D

The statement, "In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed" is called: A - Dalton's Atomic Theory. B - the Law of Definite Proportions. C - the Scientific Method. D - the Law of Conservation of Mass. E - the Law of Multiple Proportions.

D

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? A - A scientific theory explains what happens in nature, whereas a scientific law describes why it happens. B - Scientific theories are based on experimental observations, but scientific laws are not. C - There is no difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law. D - A scientific law describes what happens in nature, whereas a scientific theory explains potentially why it happens.

D

What is the difference between an element and a compound? A - A compound is a pure substance which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. An element is composed of two or more compounds in fixed proportions. B - An element is a pure substance which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. A compound is composed of two or more elements in variable proportions. C - A compound is a pure substance which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. An element is composed of two or more compounds in variable proportions. D - An element is a pure substance which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. A compound is composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions.

D

How many significant figures are in the measurement, 563.400 m? A - 2 B - 3 C - 4 D - 5 E - 6

E

Identify the TRUE statement. A - Water reacts with skin B - Hydrogen peroxide is smaller than water C - Hydrogen peroxide is safe to drink D - Hydrogen peroxide is a stable molecule E - Hydrogen peroxide is used as rocket fuel and removes color from hair

E

Identify the unit of measurement which is a SI base unit of measurement. A - Celsius B - foot C - tablespoon D - pound E - meter

E

Molecules can be described as: A - mixtures of two or more pure substances. B - mixtures of two or more elements that has a specific ratio between components C - homogeneous mixtures D - heterogeneous mixtures E - two or more atoms chemically joined together.

E

The outside temperature is 35°C, what is the temperature in °F? A - 1.67°F B - 3°F C - 57°F D - 63°F E - 95°F

E

Identify a unit that is used for area. A - mm B - degrees C - Celsius D - yd E - cm3 F - in2

F

A force of 2.22×104 NN is applied to a diver's face mask that has an area of 115 cm2. a - Find the pressure in atm on the face mask. (1 atm = 101,325 PaPa)

p = 19.1 atm

A steel cylinder has a length of 2.16 in, a radius of 0.22 in, and a mass of 41 g. What is the density of the steel in g/cm3g/cm3? Express your answer using two significant figures.

ρ = 7.6 g/cm3