Health 1 and 2

What are the 3 Emergency Action Steps (EAS)

Check the scene & the victim. Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. Care for the victim.

In the first step of the EAS, what must you do before you can help the victim?

Check the scene - make sure it is safe for you & bystanders. Check the victim - don't move unless in immediate danger. If victim is conscious, ask for "consent" (permission) to give care.

What are "Good Samaritan Laws?"

Laws that "protect people who willingly give First Aid without accepting anything in return". Enacted to encourage people to help others in emergency situations.

Emergencies can be categorized as life-threatening (LT) and non-life threatening (NLT). Explain the difference between these 2 emergencies.

Life-threatening (LT)- an illness or injury that impairs a victim's ability to circulate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. Non Life-threatening (NLT) - a situation that does not have an immediate impact on the victim's ability to circulate oxygenated blood, but still needs medical attention.

When calling 911, when do you hang up? (who hangs up last)

Only when the dispatcher tells you to do so. The caller hangs up last!!

List the 5 barriers to action. Give examples for each.

Presence of bystanders. -often assume help is being given -reluctant, embarrassed Uncertainty about victim. -age - race - gender -disabling condition -victim of crime -role reversal (child/parent) Nature of injury or illness. -blood, vomit, torn/burned skin -unpleasant odors Fear of disease transmission. -contact, breathing, bites Fear of not knowing what to do or doing something wrong.

The value of F. A. training is:

Provides you with CONFIDENCE!! Provides you with a "basic plan of action" in the event of an emergency.

What is a "barrier to action?"

Reasons "why" people hesitate, or don't act in an emergency situation.

List the 4 steps in the role of the citizen responder.

Recognize that an emergency exists. Decide to act. Call 9-1-1 or local emergency number. Give care until help arrives.

While waiting for medical help to arrive, what 4 things should you do when providing care to the victim?

**Care for life-threatening conditions first.** Watch for changes in victim's level of consciousness and breathing. Help the victim rest comfortably and keep from getting chilled or overheated. Reassure the victim!!

What is an emergency?

A situation that demands immediate action.

Once you have recognized that an emergency has occurred, what is the most important action you can take?

Act by calling 9-1-1 or local emergency number.

What should you do if an unsafe scene prevents you from reaching the victim

Call 911

Explain the difference between "Call First" and "Care First"

Call First Call 911 before giving care for: **an unconscious adult/adolescent victim** (12 years of age or older) **generally used for cardiac emergencies where time is critical!! Care First -provide 2 minutes of care, then call 911 when: ** an unconscious victim under age 12** (collapses with no witness) **Generally used for breathing- related emergencies!

List 5 things a bystander can do to help in an emergency.

Call for and/or meet and direct ambulance. Keep area free of traffic. Help give First Aid. Send for blankets/F.A. supplies. Provide info. about what happened. Comfort victim or others at the scene.

Give a description for each of the 4 main links in the EMS system:

Citizen responder - a lay person (you) who recognizes an emergency and decides to act. (Call 9-1-1) EMS call taker/dispatcher - a) receives the call from the citizen responder b) determines what help is needed c) sends(help) the appropriate EMS personnel. d) can provide instructions on how to help until EMS arrives First Responder - trained in emergency care as a routine part of their job. **They provide "transitional care." *(police, firefighters, lifeguards, safety officers).* EMT Technicians - person who provides F.A. "in the field."

When checking your victim, what rules govern moving them?

Do not move a victim unless he/she is in immediate danger. If danger is present - try to move the victim as quickly and carefully as possible without making the situation worse. If no immediate danger is present - tell victim not to move/tell bystanders not to move victim.

What is the EMS system?

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) A "network" of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to victims of injury or sudden illness.

What 7 things would a call taker/dispatcher likely ask you when calling 911?

Exact address/location. Telephone number & address call is made from. Caller's name. What happened? Number of people involved. Victim's condition. Care being given

When checking the scene, what 4 questions must you be able to answer?

Is the scene safe? What happened? How many victims? Are bystanders available to help?

What are 8 things you can do to be prepared for an emergency?

Keep important info. about you & your family handy. First Aid kit is stocked & readily available. Wear medic alert tags. Keep emergency numbers available. Learn F.A. skills. Keep medical/insurance records up to date. Make sure house/apt. number are easy to read. Teach younger children how to call 9-1-1.

Given properly, F. A. can:

Keep seriously injured or ill people alive. Reduce the effects of injuries and medical emergencies. Make the difference between a long or short hospital stay.

Explain (and give an example of each) of the 2 types of emergencies that require first aid.

Sudden Illness - a physical condition (such as a heart attack or allergic reaction) that requires immediate medical attention. Injury - damage that occurs to the body from an external force (such as a blow, fall,collision,etc.)

Define First Aid (F.A.)

The immediate care given to a victim of an injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained.

The 4 life-threatening (LT) conditions in an emergency situation include

Unconscious. (Can't tell you what's wrong-valuable time lost) Not breathing/trouble breathing. (respiratory arrest) vs. (resp. distress) No signs of life. (no pulse or breathing) Severe bleeding.

List 5 examples of when the victim's condition could warrant you calling 911

Unconscious/altered levels of consciousness Trouble breathing Chest discomfort, pain or pressure Bleeding severely Pain/pressure in abdomen

List 4 common indicators of an emergency. Give 2 examples for each indicator.

Unusual Noises - (screams, yells, breaking glass, etc.) Unusual Sights - (broken glass, spilled medicine, smoke, fire, etc.) Unusual Odors - (stronger than usual, unrecognizable, inappropriate, etc.) Unusual Appearance/Behavior - (unconscious, confused, clutching chest, slurred speech, etc.)

If the victim's behavior becomes a threat to you, what should you do?

Withdraw from the immediate area and wait for EMS!

Always ask a __________ victim for _____________ prior to giving care

conscious, consent