Chapter 1: Module 3: Section 2.05-2.07

Which of the following statements concerning water, salt, and electrolytes is untrue?

H+ and hydroxyl ion (OH-) are the most abundant and important salts in the body.

Which of the following is not a way to distinguish an acid from a base?

An acidic substance will have a sticky feel.

Match the following: AB + C -> AC + B

Exchange reaction

Which atom is present in each unlabeled corner of this simplified structure diagram?

Carbon

Which of the following is false regarding carbon?

Carbon contains six valence shell electrons.

Which of the following is true concerning the rates of chemical reactions?

Chemical reactions progress most rapidly when the reacting particles are present in high numbers because their chance of successful collisions is greater.

If a cell were to become larger, but not gain or lose any of the chemicals inside, what would happen to the rate of chemical reactions?

Chemical reactions would slow down

Something with a pH of 5 would __________.

Have more H+ ions than OH- ions Acids have a pH below 7, while bases have a pH above 7. A neutral solution has a pH of 7. The lower the pH, the more acidic the substance. A substance's pH is related to the balance of H+ (hydrogen) ions and OH- (hydroxide) ions. A substance with more H+ ions than OH- ions will have a pH below 7, and thus will be acidic. A substance that has an equal concentration of H+ and OH- is neutral (pH of 7). When the concentration of H+ is less than the concentration of OH-, the substance will have a pH above 7 and be considered basic.

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction?

High concentration of reacting parts

Lemon juice is more acidic than coffee because

Lemon juice has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore a lower pH value compared to black coffee

The reaction shown is what type?

Synthesis

Match the following: A + B -> AB

Synthesis reaction

When a cell is placed in a solution that is more concentrated, water will leave the cell and the cell will shrink. What will happen to the rate of intracellular chemical reactions in this situation?

The rate of chemical reactions will speed up

In biochemistry, and this in the body, the universal solvent is

Water

Which of the following is not a property of water?

Water can easily split into its component parts of H and OH in order to balance acid in the body.

Which of the following is true regarding hydrolysis reactions?

Water is added and building blocks are released

All ions are

electrolytes

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of __________.

hydrogen ions in solution

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when __________ are added to a solution.

proton donors or proton acceptors

Catabolic reactions involve

release energy

Which of the following types of chemical reactions always involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule?

synthesis