Chapter 1 Philosophy

Division

The fallacy of arguing erroneously that what can be said of the whole can be said of the parts

appeal to the person

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person not because the statement or claim itself is false or dubious.

Fallacy

A common but bad argument

Argument

A statement coupled with other statements that are meant to support that statement

inductive argument

An argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion

reductio ad absurdum

An argument of this form; if you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false.

Claim

And assertion that some thing is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false or ( a statement.

Premise

In an argument a statement supporting the conclusion

Conclusion

In an argument the statement being supported

Slippery Slope

The fallacy of arguing erroneously that a particular action should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome

False Dilemma

The fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true.

Composition

The fallacy of arguing erroneously that what can be said of the parts can also be said of the whole

Appeal to popularity

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true not because it is packed by good reasons but simply because many people believe it

Appear to ignorance

The fallacy of arguing that either one ! a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or two! a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true

Appeal to Ignorance

The fallacy of arguing that either one: a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or two: a claim is false because it has been proven true.

Genetic Fallacy

The fallacy of arguing that statement can be judged true or false based on its source

Equivocation

The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same significant word in an argument.

Begging the question

The fallacy of trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support

Logic

The study of correct reasoning

Epistemology

The study of knowledge

Ethics

The study of morality using the methods of philosophy or moral philosophy.

Metaphysics

The study of reality, an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the universe and the things in it.

Axiology

The study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.

Statement

Or claim/and assertion that something is or is not the case and therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false

Moral philosophy

Or ethics/the study of morality using the method to philosophy

Socratic Method

Question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth

Deductive argument

An argument intended to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion