Chapter 1 Philosophy
Division
The fallacy of arguing erroneously that what can be said of the whole can be said of the parts
appeal to the person
The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person not because the statement or claim itself is false or dubious.
Fallacy
A common but bad argument
Argument
A statement coupled with other statements that are meant to support that statement
inductive argument
An argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion
reductio ad absurdum
An argument of this form; if you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false.
Claim
And assertion that some thing is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false or ( a statement.
Premise
In an argument a statement supporting the conclusion
Conclusion
In an argument the statement being supported
Slippery Slope
The fallacy of arguing erroneously that a particular action should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome
False Dilemma
The fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true.
Composition
The fallacy of arguing erroneously that what can be said of the parts can also be said of the whole
Appeal to popularity
The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true not because it is packed by good reasons but simply because many people believe it
Appear to ignorance
The fallacy of arguing that either one ! a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or two! a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true
Appeal to Ignorance
The fallacy of arguing that either one: a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or two: a claim is false because it has been proven true.
Genetic Fallacy
The fallacy of arguing that statement can be judged true or false based on its source
Equivocation
The fallacy of assigning two different meanings to the same significant word in an argument.
Begging the question
The fallacy of trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support
Logic
The study of correct reasoning
Epistemology
The study of knowledge
Ethics
The study of morality using the methods of philosophy or moral philosophy.
Metaphysics
The study of reality, an inquiry into the fundamental nature of the universe and the things in it.
Axiology
The study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.
Statement
Or claim/and assertion that something is or is not the case and therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false
Moral philosophy
Or ethics/the study of morality using the method to philosophy
Socratic Method
Question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth
Deductive argument
An argument intended to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion