Chapter 1: Physical Fitness and Wellness

Morbidity

A condition related to or caused b illness or disease.

Physical Fitness Standards

A fitness level that allows a person to sustain moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue and the ability to closely maintain this level throughout life.

Metabolic Profile

A measurement of plasma insulin, glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein levels to assess risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Mental Wellness

A state in which your mind is engaged in lively interaction with the world around you.

Health

A state of complete well-being--not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

Sitting Disease

A term coined by the scientific community to refer to the detrimental health effects caused by excessive sitting throughout most days of the week.

Physical Fitness

Ability to meet ordinary as well as unusual demands of daily life effectively without being overly fatigued. And still have energy left for leisure and recreational activities.

Health-related Fitness

Ability to perform activities of daily living without undue fatigue. Fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the individual's overall health.

Occupational Wellness

Ability to perform job skillfully and effectively under conditions that provide personal and team satisfaction and adequately reward each individual.

Activity Tracker

An electronic device that contains an accelerometer (a unit that measures gravity, changes in movement, and counts footsteps). These devices can also determine distance, calories burned, speeds, and time spent being physically active.

Moderate Physical Activity

Any activity requiring an energy expenditure of 150 kcal per day, or 1000 kcal per week

Vigorous Activity

Any exercise that requires a MET level equal to or greater than 6 METs. One MET is the energy expenditure at rest, and METs are defined as multiples of this resting metabolic rate. Examples: aerobics, walking uphill at 3.5 mph, cycling at 10-12 mph, playing doubles in tennis, and vigorous strength training.

Physical Activity

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles; requires expenditure of energy and produces progressive health benefits. Examples: walking, taking the stairs, dancing, gardening, yard work, house cleaning, snow shoveling, washing the car, and all forms of structured exercise.

Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)

Cause of deaths attributed to a general lack of regular physical activity.

Sedentary

Description of a person who is relatively inactive and whose lifestyle is characterized by a lot of sitting.

Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis

Energy expended doing everyday activities not related to exercise.

Skill-Related Fitness

Fitness components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events; encompasses agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.

Physical Wellness

Good physical fitness and confidence in your personal ability to take care of health problems. Enables a person to carry out ordinary and unusual demands of daily life.

Hypokinetic Diseases

Illnesses related to lack of physical activity.

Chronic diseases

Illnesses that develop as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and last a long time.

Sphygmomanometer

Inflatable bladder contained within a cuff and a mercury gravity manometer (or aneroid manometer) from which blood pressure is read.

Risk Factors

Lifestyle and genetic variables that may lead to disease.

Life Expectancy

Number of years a person is expected to live based on the person's birth year.

Cardiovascular

Of or relating to the heart and blood vessels.

Exercise

Physical activity requiring planned, structured, repetitive body movement to produce health benefits.

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contraction (systole) of the heart.

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries during the relaxation phase (diastole) of the heart.

Health Fitness Standards

Proposed to link minimum fitness values to disease prevention and health. The lowest fitness requirements for maintaining good health, decreasing the risk for chronic diseases, and lowering the incidence of muscular-skeletal injuries.

Prayer

Sincere and humble communication with a higher power.

Bradycardia

Slower heart rate than normal.

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity.

Social Wellness

The ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit.

Emotional Wellness

The ability to understand your own feelings, accept your limitations and achieve emotional stability.

Environmental Wellness

The capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to our health.

Wellness

The constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest possible state of well-being. It encompasses seven dimensions and integrates them all into a quality life.

Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE)

The difference between life expectancy and years of ill health (life expectancy-years of ill health)

Health Promotion

The science and art of enabling people to increase control over their lifestyle to move toward a state of wellness.

Spiritual Wellness

Unifying power integrating all dimensions of wellness. The sense that life is meaningful, that life has purpose, and that some power brings all humanity together; the ethics, values, and morals that guide you and give meaning and direction to life.

Altruism

Unselfish concern for the welfare of others.