CHAPTER 1 Review

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms? A. Bacteria are larger than viruses. B. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses. C. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms. D.Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microrganisms but smaller than bacteria.

A. Bacteria are larger than viruses.

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was A. Joseph Lister. B. Ignaz Semmelweis. C. Robert Koch. D. Louis Pasteur. E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

A. Joseph Lister.

Which scientific name is written correctly? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. staphylococcus aureus C. Staphylococcus Aureus D. Staphylococcus aureus E. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

A. Staphylococcus aureus

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms. A. carbon B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. hydrogen E. phosphorous

A. carbon

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called A. classification. B. identification. C. nomenclature. D. experimentation. E. biotechnology.

A. classification.

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.

A. decomposers.

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on A. determining evolutionary relatedness. B. bioremediation. C. recombinant DNA. D. nomenclature. E. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease.

A. determining evolutionary relatedness.

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails? A. fatty acids B. glycerol C. phosphate D. alcohol E. All of the choices are correct.

A. fatty acids

The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA. A. guanine, cytosine B. cytosine, guanine C. adenine, guanine D. thymine, guanine

A. guanine, cytosine

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main families of biological molecules referred to as A. macromolecules. B. monosaccharides. C. polysaccharides. D. micromolecules.

A. macromolecules.

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? A. mosquito B. protozoan C. bacterium D. virus E. fungus

A. mosquito

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all A. nucleic acids. B. carbohydrates. C. polysaccharides. D. amino acids. E. enzymes.

A. nucleic acids.

Microorganisms have inhabited the Earth for billions of years, and can be found inhabiting a variety of environments. In fact, microbes performing oxygenic photosynthesis led to the oxygenation of early Earth's atmosphere. These ancient organisms were A. prokaryotes. B. eukaryotes. C. viruses. D. prions.

A. prokaryotes.

Scientists use microbes to produce drugs, hormones, and enzymes. This type of biotechnology involves the transfer of foreign genetic material into a microbe, a process called A. recombinant DNA technology. B. gene therapy. C. bioremediation. D. polymerase chain reaction.

A. recombinant DNA technology.

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? A. viruses B. bacteria C. parasites D. fungi E. yeasts

A. viruses

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was A. Francesco Redi. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. C. Louis Pasteur.D. Joseph Lister. E. Robert Koch.

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Aseptic techniques aim to reduce the number of microbes in medical settings, thus preventing wound infection and disease. These techniques were first introduced in a surgical setting by A. Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis. B. Joseph Lister. C. Dr. Oliver Wendell. D. Louis Pasteur.

B. Joseph Lister.

Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is A. aureus. B. Staphylococcus. C. staphylococcus. D. Aureus.

B. Staphylococcus.

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that A. microbes are found on dust particles. B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease. C. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms. D. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom. E. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.

B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A. uracil B. adenine C. thymine D. cytosine E. All of these are pyrimidines.

B. adenine

Scientists today utilize microorganisms to break down toxic chemicals in our environment. The decomposition of pollutants by microbes is referred to as A. genetic engineering. B. bioremediation. C. restriction analysis. D. biogenesis.

B. bioremediation.

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of A. biotechnology. B. bioremediation. C. decomposition. D. immunology. E. epidemiology.

B. bioremediation.

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure? A. valine B. cysteine C. serine D. alanine E. tyrosine

B. cysteine

The structure of proteins is complex and unique, and only specific molecules can interact with their surface features. The natural shape of each protein is termed the native state. When proteins are exposed to heat, acid, or alcohol, their shape is disrupted and they become nonfunctional or A. digested. B. denatured. C. distorted. D. depolymerized.

B. denatured.

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right): A. family, order, class B. family, genus, species C. genus, species, family D. class, phylum, order E. kingdom, domain, phylum

B. family, genus, species

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called A. bioremediation. B. genetic engineering. C. epidemiology. D. immunology. E. taxonomy.

B. genetic engineering.

ll of the following are monosaccharides except A. glucose. B. glycogen. C. fructose. D. ribose. E. deoxyribose.

B. glycogen

During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA. A. transfer B. messenger C. ribosomal D. All of the choices are correct.

B. messenger

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.

B. prokaryotes.

61. The alpha helix is a type of _____ protein structure. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. None of the choices is correct.

B. secondary

The smallest and most significant taxon is A. genus. B. species. C. kingdom. D. family. E. phylum.

B. species.

Louis Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan- necked flasks, he disproved the concept of 2-12-13 A. spontaneous mutation. B. spontaneous generation. C. aseptic theory. D. biogenesis.

B. spontaneous generation.

All of the following are lipids except A. cholesterol. B. starch. C. phospholipid. D. wax. E. triglyceride.

B. starch.

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? A. nomenclature B. taxonomy C. phylogeny D. Woesean classification E. None of the choices is correct.

B. taxonomy

You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical? A. DNA B. RNA C. ATP D. phospholipid

C. ATP

You inform the patient that it is important for her to maintain a diet rich in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, so that each of these macromolecules can be metabolized to form a high-energy compound called A. cGMP. B. RNA. C. ATP. D. NAD.

C. ATP.

The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are) A. Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. C. Carl Woese and George Fox. D. Robert Whittaker. E. Francesco Redi.

C. Carl Woese and George Fox.

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis? A. Joseph Lister B. Ignaz Semmelweis C. Robert Koch D. Louis Pasteur E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Robert Koch

Which of the following is a scientific name? A. gram-positive streptococcus B. Staphylococcus C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. anthrax E. Streptobacilli

C. Streptococcus pyogenes

Sterile refers to A. pathogen free. B. absence of spores. C. absence of any life forms and viral particles. D. pasteurized. E. homogenized.

C. absence of any life forms and viral particles.

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A. contains ribose B. contains adenine C. contains thymine D. contains uracil E. contains nucleotides

C. contains thymine

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time? A. morphology B. phylogeny C. evolution D. genetics E. None of the choices are correct

C. evolution

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed? A. species B. phylum C. kingdom D. genus E. family

C. kingdom

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms? A. making bread B. treating water and sewage C. manufacturing copper wire D. mass producing antibiotics E. cleaning up oil spills

C. manufacturing copper wire

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A. amino acids B. hydrogen and oxygen atoms C. nitrogen and phosphorus D. fatty acids E. carbon atoms

C. nitrogen and phosphorus

Disease-causing microorganisms are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.

C. pathogens.

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids? A. glycosilic B. ester C. peptide D. disulfide E. phosphate

C. peptide

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the A. prostaglandins. B. waxes. C. phospholipids. D. steroids. E. triglycerides.

C. phospholipids.

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of A. hydrophobic molecules. B. electrolytic molecules C. repeating monomers. D. repeating carbohydrates. E. hydrogen bonds.

C. repeating monomers.

The first cells appeared about ___ billion years ago. A. 5 B. 4 C.3.5 D. 2 E. 1.5

C.3.5

One nucleotide contains A. one phosphate. B. one pentose sugar. C. one nitrogen base. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

Characteristics shared by all cells include A. a membrane serving as a cell boundary. B. the possession of genetic information. C. the presence of cellular fluid. D. All of these choices are correct.

D. All of these choices are correct.

Which activity is an example of biotechnology? A.bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors B.a microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria C. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds D. Escherichia coli producing human insulin E.public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

D. Escherichia coli producing human insulin

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that A. cause human disease. B. lack a cell nucleus. C. are infectious particles. D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. E. can only be found growing in laboratories.

D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed A. bacteria. B. viruses. C. parasites. D. microorganisms. E. None of the choices is correct.

D. microorganisms.

Viruses may also be carried from patient to patient transmitting disease, even though they differ from bacteria in that they are A. parasitic invertebrate animals. B. infectious proteins. C. metabolically active eukaryotes. D. noncellular particles.

D. noncellular particles.

Helminths are A. bacteria. B. protozoa. C. molds. D. parasitic worms. E. infectious particles.

D. parasitic worms.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called A. biotechnology. B. genetics. C. recombinant DNA. D. phylogeny. E. taxonomy.

D. phylogeny.

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens. A. unsaturated B. polyunsaturated C. monounsaturated D. saturated E.None of the choices is correct.

D. saturated

TP is best described as A. an enzyme. B. a double helix. C. an electron carrier. D. the energy molecule of cells. E. All of the choices are correct.

D. the energy molecule of cells.

If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know? A. Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection. B. Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA. C. Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins. D.Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting

D.Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting

The building blocks of an enzyme are A. nucleotides. B. glycerol and fatty acids. C. monosaccharides. D. phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids. E. amino acids.

E. amino acids

Taxonomy does not involve A. nomenclature. B. classification. C. taxa. D. identification. E. common name.

E. common name.

Which is not true about enzymes? A. found in all cells B. are catalysts C. participate in the cell's chemical reactions D. can be denaturated by heat and other agents E. have high-energy bonds between phosphates

E. have high-energy bonds between phosphates

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? A. cause human disease B. lack a nucleus C. cannot be seen without a microscope D. contain genetic material E. lack cell structure

E. lack cell structure

All of the following are polysaccharides except A.glycogen in liver and muscle. B. agar used to make solid culture media. C. a cell's glycocalyx. D. cellulose in certain cell walls. E. prostaglandins in inflammation.

E. prostaglandins in inflammation

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are A. AIDS - related diseases B. diarrheal diseases. C. malaria diseases. D. measles. E. respiratory diseases.

E. respiratory diseases.

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is A. prostaglandins. B. waxes. C. phospholipids. D. steroids. E. triglycerides.

E. triglycerides.

When assigning a scientific name to an organism, A. the species name is capitalized. B. the species name is placed first. tC. he species name can be abbreviated. D. both genus and species names are capitalized. E.both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

E.both genus and species names are italicized or underlined