Chapter 1 study guide A&P 1
the word anatomy comes from
Greek and means "to cut apart"
the appendix is in the right iliac region, and is therefor located in the ______ quadrant
RLQ
the smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is
a cell
If carbon dioxide levels rise in the body, negative feedback mechanisms will trigger
an increase in breathing so that carbon dioxide levels decline to the set point
a scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the surrounding pericardium would be a(n)
anatomist
the discipline that associates changes in organ system function with disease or injury is known as
anatomy
the limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the
appendicular region
the head, neck, and trunk make up the _______ region of the body
axial
which describes the anatomic position
body upright, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from the body, feet are flat on the floor
the cranial cavity houses the
brain
the anatomic term for the cheek is
buccal
which anatomical term describes the wrist region
carpal
the category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as
catabolism
the best term for referring to the rear or "tail end" is
caudal
diagnosing a disease involves determining the
cause of the homeostatic imbalance
the discipline known as _____ anatomy examines similarities and differences across species
comparative
what is the anatomic term for the hip region
coxal
the two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are
cytology and histology
in the positive feedback mechanism governing breastfeeding, the mammary glands of the breast serve as the
effector
the part of the homeostatic control mechanism that brings about change is the
effector
when you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)
effector
the pericardium is a two-layered serous membrane that
encloses the heart
the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are typically grouped within the _________ system.
endocrine
of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the
epigastic
which of the following is an example of a best practice for effectively studying anatomy and physiology material
explaining a concept to a study partner
disease is often considered the result of
failure of homeostatic systems
true or false: cytology is a subdivision of gross anatomy
false
true or false: in the anatomic position, the specimen rests horizontally on the examination table and the arms are extended away from the torso
false
the term "hallux" refers to the
great toe
an inguinal hernia is in the region of the
groin
which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues
histology
the various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called
homeostasis
respiratory physiology
how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them
the urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region
hypogastric
the serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located
in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers
the control center of a homeostatic mechanism
integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed
which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors
integumentary
the axillary region is _______ to the pectoral region
lateral
the directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is
lateral
lateral to the umbilical abdominopelvic region are the _______ regions
lumbar
the organ system that transports and filters interstitial fluid while also participating in immune responses is the ______ system.
lymphatic
the median space in the thoracic cavity is called the
mediastinum
with a specimen in the anatomic position, you can best see the mediastinum with a(n) _______ view
midsagittal
a plane that asses through the structure at an angle is called
oblique
which best defines "superficial"
on the outside
at what level of organization is a tooth
organ level
which level consists of related organs that work to achieve a common function
organ system level
Specialized subunits of cells that are made of macromolecules are called ________.
organelles
the anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under
pathologic anatomy
what is the anatomic term for the foot
ped
the moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the
peritoneum
the mechanism by which the body propels food through the digestive tract is primarily a topic of study for
physiologists
the discipline that studies the function of the nervous system, including the way that impulses are conducted, is known as
physiology
the scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is
physiology
the word ______ implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.
plane
the directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is
posterior
the popliteal region is best seen from a(n) _______ view
posterior
with the subject in the anatomic position, one can best see the dorsum of the manus from a(n) _________ view
posterior
the pleural cavity is the
potential space between the two serous membranes surrounding a lung.
the directional term that means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk is
proximal
when medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit, that approach is called
regional anatomy
the system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the ______ system.
respiratory
the term that refers to the ability of organisms to react to changes in the environment is
responsiveness
the normal level at which a physiological variable is maintained is known as its
set point
the body system that provides support and protection as well as being a site of blood cell production (hemopoiesis) is the _______ system.
skeletal
which of the following choices places the components of a homeostatic control system in proper order
stimulus, receptor, control center, effector
anatomy is the study of
structure and form
gross anatomy refers to the study of
structures visible to the unaided eye
the anatomic term for the calf is
sural
______ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them
surface
Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and left side?
the lumbar, iliac, and hypochondriac
Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?
the muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily
when you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and your iris constricts to decrease pupil size. Which structure serves as a receptor in this system
the retina
which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ
the visceral layer
"pollex" refers to the
thumb
the primary function of serous fluid appears to be
to serve as a lubricant
a(n) ________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse
true or false: a molecule is made up of a combination of two or more atoms
true
true or false: the mediastinum is within the ventral cavity
true
the abdominopelvic quadrants are formed by passing one horizontal and one vertical line through the
umbilicus
the bones of the vertebral column form a cavity called the
vertebral canal