Chapter 1 study guide A&P 1

the word anatomy comes from

Greek and means "to cut apart"

the appendix is in the right iliac region, and is therefor located in the ______ quadrant

RLQ

the smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is

a cell

If carbon dioxide levels rise in the body, negative feedback mechanisms will trigger

an increase in breathing so that carbon dioxide levels decline to the set point

a scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the surrounding pericardium would be a(n)

anatomist

the discipline that associates changes in organ system function with disease or injury is known as

anatomy

the limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the

appendicular region

the head, neck, and trunk make up the _______ region of the body

axial

which describes the anatomic position

body upright, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from the body, feet are flat on the floor

the cranial cavity houses the

brain

the anatomic term for the cheek is

buccal

which anatomical term describes the wrist region

carpal

the category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as

catabolism

the best term for referring to the rear or "tail end" is

caudal

diagnosing a disease involves determining the

cause of the homeostatic imbalance

the discipline known as _____ anatomy examines similarities and differences across species

comparative

what is the anatomic term for the hip region

coxal

the two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are

cytology and histology

in the positive feedback mechanism governing breastfeeding, the mammary glands of the breast serve as the

effector

the part of the homeostatic control mechanism that brings about change is the

effector

when you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)

effector

the pericardium is a two-layered serous membrane that

encloses the heart

the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are typically grouped within the _________ system.

endocrine

of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the

epigastic

which of the following is an example of a best practice for effectively studying anatomy and physiology material

explaining a concept to a study partner

disease is often considered the result of

failure of homeostatic systems

true or false: cytology is a subdivision of gross anatomy

false

true or false: in the anatomic position, the specimen rests horizontally on the examination table and the arms are extended away from the torso

false

the term "hallux" refers to the

great toe

an inguinal hernia is in the region of the

groin

which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues

histology

the various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called

homeostasis

respiratory physiology

how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them

the urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region

hypogastric

the serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located

in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers

the control center of a homeostatic mechanism

integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed

which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors

integumentary

the axillary region is _______ to the pectoral region

lateral

the directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

lateral

lateral to the umbilical abdominopelvic region are the _______ regions

lumbar

the organ system that transports and filters interstitial fluid while also participating in immune responses is the ______ system.

lymphatic

the median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

mediastinum

with a specimen in the anatomic position, you can best see the mediastinum with a(n) _______ view

midsagittal

a plane that asses through the structure at an angle is called

oblique

which best defines "superficial"

on the outside

at what level of organization is a tooth

organ level

which level consists of related organs that work to achieve a common function

organ system level

Specialized subunits of cells that are made of macromolecules are called ________.

organelles

the anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under

pathologic anatomy

what is the anatomic term for the foot

ped

the moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the

peritoneum

the mechanism by which the body propels food through the digestive tract is primarily a topic of study for

physiologists

the discipline that studies the function of the nervous system, including the way that impulses are conducted, is known as

physiology

the scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is

physiology

the word ______ implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.

plane

the directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is

posterior

the popliteal region is best seen from a(n) _______ view

posterior

with the subject in the anatomic position, one can best see the dorsum of the manus from a(n) _________ view

posterior

the pleural cavity is the

potential space between the two serous membranes surrounding a lung.

the directional term that means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk is

proximal

when medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit, that approach is called

regional anatomy

the system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the ______ system.

respiratory

the term that refers to the ability of organisms to react to changes in the environment is

responsiveness

the normal level at which a physiological variable is maintained is known as its

set point

the body system that provides support and protection as well as being a site of blood cell production (hemopoiesis) is the _______ system.

skeletal

which of the following choices places the components of a homeostatic control system in proper order

stimulus, receptor, control center, effector

anatomy is the study of

structure and form

gross anatomy refers to the study of

structures visible to the unaided eye

the anatomic term for the calf is

sural

______ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them

surface

Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and left side?

the lumbar, iliac, and hypochondriac

Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?

the muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily

when you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and your iris constricts to decrease pupil size. Which structure serves as a receptor in this system

the retina

which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ

the visceral layer

"pollex" refers to the

thumb

the primary function of serous fluid appears to be

to serve as a lubricant

a(n) ________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts

transverse

true or false: a molecule is made up of a combination of two or more atoms

true

true or false: the mediastinum is within the ventral cavity

true

the abdominopelvic quadrants are formed by passing one horizontal and one vertical line through the

umbilicus

the bones of the vertebral column form a cavity called the

vertebral canal