Chapter 1: The basic of nutrition.
Which of the following are the key features of essential nutrients?
The nutrient's role in the body can be explained by scientists. Reintroduction of the nutrient after a deficiency disease develops will resolve the disease. A deficiency disease occurs if the nutrient is missing from the diet.
A dietary supplement is a product that contains _____.
amino acids vitamins minerals
Organosulfides
antioxidant effects, may improve immune system functioning
Which of the following protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?
antioxidants
By eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods you are likely to______.
eat a safe amount of each nutrient obtain adequate amounts of the nutrients your body needs
To ensure a healthy diet a person should______.
eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods to provide a safe and adequate amount of nutrients
The major role of carbohydrate is to provide the body with______.
energy
What term describes the energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight?
energy density
About 50 nutrients are considered ______.
essential
Vitamins provide usable calories for the body. True false question.
false
The body gets nutrients from______.
food
Reducing one's risk for heart disease and/or cancer can be achieved by _____.
maintaining a healthy weight limiting alcohol intake avoiding tobacco exposure
What is the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition?
malnutrition
Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called _____.
medical nutrition therapies
Lifestyle is a person's way of living that includes _____.
physical activity habits use of drugs dietary practices
Many ______ are antioxidants that may reduce risks of heart disease and certain cancers.
phytochemicals
Carotenoids
reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
kilocalorie
the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius
A gram of protein contains ________ calories.
4 calories
How many kcal per gram do lipids contain?
9
Lipids contain ______ calories per gram than carbohydrates.
9
Which of the following foods would be considered a provider of empty calories?
Alcohol Pastries Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
What term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value?
Nutrient-dense
The chemicals found in food that are necessary for the body to function properly are called
Nutrients
What term describes a food or beverage that is a poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value?
Empty-calorie
______ is the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them.
Nutrition
The substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits is called a
Phytochemicals
Choose the statements about alcohol that are true.
Pure alcohol furnishes about 7 kcal/gram. Alcohol provides energy. Alcohol is not a nutrient.
Nutrient toxicity may result from
Taking megadoses of a supplement, eating large amounts of foods that are fortified.
Nutrient toxicity may result from ______.
Taking supplements, eating large amounts of foods that are fortified.
A state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished is termed
Malnutrition
Most foods contain nutrients from each of the classes of food groups. Which food listed below does not follow this pattern?
Margarine
Which of the following foods would be considered nutrient dense?
Fat-free milk Whole-grain cereals
Which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?
Minerals Vitamins
is the study of how the body uses nutrients
Nutrition
essential nutrients.
The body does not make enough of the nutrient to meet the body's needs or does not make the nutrient. Essential nutrients must be supplied by food.
Older adults may need _______ amounts of vitamins and minerals than can be found in food.
more
Orange juice fortified with calcium, margarines that interfere with the body's ability to absorb cholesterol, and yogurt with live bacteria are all examples of______.
functional foods
What term describes a food that is manufactured to boost nutrient intakes?
functional foods
Having a family history of heart disease means that you have an increased chance of developing heart disease and is considered a
genetic risk factor
All foods have nutritional value.
True
Many popular dietary supplements are not helpful and may even be harmful.
True
Which food listed below provides calories from only one of the macronutrients?
Vegetable oil
All of the following statements about food and supplements are true except______.
a good supplement can adequately replace a diet filled with a variety of whole foods
Which of the following food is more energy dense?
a slice of chocolate cake
No specific food contains _____ the nutrients needed by the body.
all of
Maintaining a healthy body weight, avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol intake, and exercising regularly may reduce the risk of _____.
cancer heart disease
Which of the following are considered macronutrients?
carbohydrates proteins fats
six classes of nutrients.
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all______.
classes of nutrients
When a nutrient is missing or deficient in the diet, a disease occurs.
deficiency
Choose the situations when it would be appropriate for people to take specific nutrient supplements.
digestive disorders that interfere with nutrient absorption older adults who may need higher amounts of a nutrient than what is found in food certain inherited disorders
A nutrient is considered when it must be supplied by food because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs.
essential
A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) __________ nutrient.
essential
A person's way of living that includes patterns of behavior such as dietary practices and physical activity habits is called______.
lifestyle
All of the following are micronutrients except______.
lipids
Which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the United States?
living in poverty chronic alcoholism anorexia nervosa
Glycosides
may kill certain microbes
A ________ is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet.
micronutrient
Consuming reasonable amounts of food while obtaining enough nutrients from food is defined as dietary______.
moderation
Lipids contain ______ calories per gram than carbohydrates.
more
Supplements may______.
not contain phytochemicals include nutrients that may be less available than those in food not contain all the nutrients needed by the human body
Dietary moderation can be achieved by______.
obtaining nutrients from the food one eats consuming food in reasonable amounts
What is the term for a compound made by plants but not considered a nutrient?
phytochemical
Which classes of nutrients provide the body with energy?
proteins carbohydrates lipids
Beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene are examples of phytochemicals that may ______.
reduce the risk of certain cancers and reduce the risk of macular degeneration
What is the leading cause (risk factor) of preventable death in North America?
smoking
Which of the following is the #1 cause of preventable death?
smoking
The endosperm is mostly _____.
starch
Alkaloids
stimulant effects
The most likely time for the possibility of nutrient toxicity to become a concern would be when_____.
taking a megadose of a vitamin or supplement
What does the scientific study of nutrition include?
the chemicals necessary for body functioning nutrients how the body uses nutrients
calorie
the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Americans with low incomes and individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa and chronic alcoholism are at increased risk of______.
undernutrition
Since no natural food contains all the nutrients as they are needed by the body, _____ can help ensure the nutritional adequacy of a diet.
variety
The nutritional needs of healthy people ______ during different life stages.
vary
All of the following are macronutrients except______.
vitamins
Soft drinks are considered empty calorie foods, but even sugar sweetened soft drinks provide
water. energy.
What is produced when a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran?
white flour
Bioengineering techniques involve scientific methods that directly change an animal or plant's ______.
DNA
What occurs when an essential nutrient is missing from the diet?
Deficiency disease will occur.
The alteration of a plant or animal's hereditary material is called
Bioengineering
