Chapter 1: The Human Body

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex. 1. Molecules 2. Atoms 3. Tissues 4. Cells 5. Organs

2-1-4-3-5

Average body temperature is ______ degrees centigrade. A) 98 B) 68 C) 47 D) 37

37

Homeostasis is th condition in which the body maintains _________. A) the lowest possible energy used B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits C) a static state with no deviation from preset points D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances

A relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) a transverse cut just above the knees B) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves C) any sagittal plane except in the midline D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Any sagittal plane except in the midline

The anatomical position is used ________. A) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position during walking moments B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body C) only when a body is lying down on one's back rather than stomach D) for proper placement of a patient or a cadaver upon an operating table in order to reach all major organs

As a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) intestines B) brain C) lungs D) liver

Brain

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) systemic anatomy B) cardiovascular anatomy C) systemic physiology D) cardiovascular physiology

Cardiovascular physiology

The term that describes the neck region is _______. (Spelling)

Cervical

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the _______. A) control center B) receptor C) effector D) variable

Control center

What is the regional term for the hip region? A) manus B) inguinal C) pedal D) coxal

Coxal

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye B) microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye C) cytology: study of structures in a particular region D) embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

Cytology: study of structures in a particular region

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? A) movement B) Responsiveness to external stimuli C) maintenance of boundaries D) decay

Decay

An oblique cut is one that is cut _____. A) horizontally superior and inferior B) diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes C) vertically right and left D) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal planes

Diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the _______ cavity. A) cranial B) dorsal C) vertebral D) thoracic E) ventral

Dorsal

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? A) anterior B) lateral C) distal D) dorsal

Dorsal

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. A) body temperature regulation B) regulating glucose levels in the blood C) enhancement of labor contractions D) blood calcium level regulation

Enhancement of labor contractions

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of __________. A) maintaining boundaries B) excretion of metabolic waste C) responsiveness D) metabolism

Excretion of metabolic waste

True or False: The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

False

True or False: Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception to old age.

False: Development of gamers and embryos

True or False: The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

False: The Epigastric region

True or False: The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

False: The elbow is proximal to the wrist

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) frontal B) median C) sagittal D) transverse

Frontal

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ___________ anatomy. A) microscopic B) gross C) developmental D) systemic

Gross

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) appendix B) stomach C) liver D) intestines

Intestines

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A) it is considered the cause of most diseases B) the internal environment is becoming more stable C) positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed D) negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally

It is considered the cause of most diseases

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A) right upper quadrant B) right lower quadrant C) left upper quadrant D) left lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________. A) covering individual lungs B) lining the thoracic cavity C) covering the heart D) lining the abdominal cavity

Lining the thoracic cavity

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A) x Ray B) DSA C) PET D) MRI

MRI

The heart is _______ to the arm. (Spelling)

Medial

The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the middle ear. (Spelling)

Middle ear

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A) positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B) negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C) negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? A) muscular B) lymphatic C) immune D) nervous

Nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction C) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

The term that describes the back of the elbow is _______. (Spelling)

Olecranal

The cavities housing the eyes are called _______ cavities. A) frontal B) cranial C) nasal D) orbital

Orbital

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) _________. A) complex tissue B) organ system C) organ D) complex cell

Organ

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except _______. A) body erect B) arms at sides C) palms turned posteriorly D) thumbs pointed laterally

Palms turned posteriorly

The heart lies in the ________ cavity. A) superior mediastinal B) pleural C) dorsal D) pericardial

Pericardial

__________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. (Spelling)

Physiology

In which body cavities are the lungs located? A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic B) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal D) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

Pleural, ventral, and thoracic

The posterior knee area is called _______. A) Sural B) crural C) antecubital D) poplitea

Popletia

Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy? A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic B) gross, regional, dissection, and surface C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic D) regional, systemic, and surface

Regional, systemic, and surface

Select the most correct statement. A) the immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system B) organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life C) the endocrine system is not a true structural organ system D) organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A) carnival cavity B) thoracic cavity C) spinal cord D) vertebral cavity

Thoracic cavity

The term pollex refers to the _______. A) great toe B) calf C) fingers D) thumb

Thumb

Histology would be best defined as a study of ____________. A) cells B) tissues C) cell chemistry D) the gross structures of the body

Tissues

Similar cells that have a common function are called _______. (Spelling)

Tissues

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? A) to control body movement B) to maintain homeostasis C) to keep the body's blood sugar level high D) to regulate excretion via the kidneys

To maintain homeostasis

True or False: A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

True

True or False: Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.

True

True or False: It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

True

True or False: Lungs carry out an excretory function.

True

True or False: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.

True

True or False: Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

True

True or False: The Epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.

True

True or False: The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing foward and the thumbs pointing away for the body.

True

True or False: Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

True

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) serosa are very thin, double-layered structures B) serosa membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two C) visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart D) serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid

Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is _______. A) oxygen B) protein C) water D) hydrogen

Water

__________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function. (Spelling)

Renal

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) frontal B) regional C) sagittal D) transverse

Sagittal

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to - A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce

Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

_________ cavities are spaces with joints. A) nasal B) synovial C) orbital D) oral

Synovial