Chapter 1: The Human Body
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex. 1. Molecules 2. Atoms 3. Tissues 4. Cells 5. Organs
2-1-4-3-5
Average body temperature is ______ degrees centigrade. A) 98 B) 68 C) 47 D) 37
37
Homeostasis is th condition in which the body maintains _________. A) the lowest possible energy used B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits C) a static state with no deviation from preset points D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances
A relatively stable internal environment, within limits
Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) a transverse cut just above the knees B) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves C) any sagittal plane except in the midline D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Any sagittal plane except in the midline
The anatomical position is used ________. A) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position during walking moments B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body C) only when a body is lying down on one's back rather than stomach D) for proper placement of a patient or a cadaver upon an operating table in order to reach all major organs
As a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) intestines B) brain C) lungs D) liver
Brain
Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) systemic anatomy B) cardiovascular anatomy C) systemic physiology D) cardiovascular physiology
Cardiovascular physiology
The term that describes the neck region is _______. (Spelling)
Cervical
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the _______. A) control center B) receptor C) effector D) variable
Control center
What is the regional term for the hip region? A) manus B) inguinal C) pedal D) coxal
Coxal
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye B) microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye C) cytology: study of structures in a particular region D) embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
Cytology: study of structures in a particular region
Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? A) movement B) Responsiveness to external stimuli C) maintenance of boundaries D) decay
Decay
An oblique cut is one that is cut _____. A) horizontally superior and inferior B) diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes C) vertically right and left D) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal planes
Diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes
The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the _______ cavity. A) cranial B) dorsal C) vertebral D) thoracic E) ventral
Dorsal
Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? A) anterior B) lateral C) distal D) dorsal
Dorsal
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. A) body temperature regulation B) regulating glucose levels in the blood C) enhancement of labor contractions D) blood calcium level regulation
Enhancement of labor contractions
An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of __________. A) maintaining boundaries B) excretion of metabolic waste C) responsiveness D) metabolism
Excretion of metabolic waste
True or False: The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.
False
True or False: Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception to old age.
False: Development of gamers and embryos
True or False: The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.
False: The Epigastric region
True or False: The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.
False: The elbow is proximal to the wrist
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) frontal B) median C) sagittal D) transverse
Frontal
The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ___________ anatomy. A) microscopic B) gross C) developmental D) systemic
Gross
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) appendix B) stomach C) liver D) intestines
Intestines
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A) it is considered the cause of most diseases B) the internal environment is becoming more stable C) positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed D) negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally
It is considered the cause of most diseases
In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A) right upper quadrant B) right lower quadrant C) left upper quadrant D) left lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________. A) covering individual lungs B) lining the thoracic cavity C) covering the heart D) lining the abdominal cavity
Lining the thoracic cavity
Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A) x Ray B) DSA C) PET D) MRI
MRI
The heart is _______ to the arm. (Spelling)
Medial
The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the middle ear. (Spelling)
Middle ear
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A) positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B) negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C) negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? A) muscular B) lymphatic C) immune D) nervous
Nervous
Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction C) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
The term that describes the back of the elbow is _______. (Spelling)
Olecranal
The cavities housing the eyes are called _______ cavities. A) frontal B) cranial C) nasal D) orbital
Orbital
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) _________. A) complex tissue B) organ system C) organ D) complex cell
Organ
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except _______. A) body erect B) arms at sides C) palms turned posteriorly D) thumbs pointed laterally
Palms turned posteriorly
The heart lies in the ________ cavity. A) superior mediastinal B) pleural C) dorsal D) pericardial
Pericardial
__________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. (Spelling)
Physiology
In which body cavities are the lungs located? A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic B) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal D) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
Pleural, ventral, and thoracic
The posterior knee area is called _______. A) Sural B) crural C) antecubital D) poplitea
Popletia
Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy? A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic B) gross, regional, dissection, and surface C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic D) regional, systemic, and surface
Regional, systemic, and surface
Select the most correct statement. A) the immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system B) organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life C) the endocrine system is not a true structural organ system D) organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both
The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system
Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A) carnival cavity B) thoracic cavity C) spinal cord D) vertebral cavity
Thoracic cavity
The term pollex refers to the _______. A) great toe B) calf C) fingers D) thumb
Thumb
Histology would be best defined as a study of ____________. A) cells B) tissues C) cell chemistry D) the gross structures of the body
Tissues
Similar cells that have a common function are called _______. (Spelling)
Tissues
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? A) to control body movement B) to maintain homeostasis C) to keep the body's blood sugar level high D) to regulate excretion via the kidneys
To maintain homeostasis
True or False: A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.
True
True or False: Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.
True
True or False: It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.
True
True or False: Lungs carry out an excretory function.
True
True or False: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.
True
True or False: Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.
True
True or False: The Epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.
True
True or False: The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing foward and the thumbs pointing away for the body.
True
True or False: Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.
True
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) serosa are very thin, double-layered structures B) serosa membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two C) visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart D) serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid
Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is _______. A) oxygen B) protein C) water D) hydrogen
Water
__________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function. (Spelling)
Renal
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) frontal B) regional C) sagittal D) transverse
Sagittal
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to - A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
_________ cavities are spaces with joints. A) nasal B) synovial C) orbital D) oral
Synovial