Anatomy Practical Primary Vocabulary

The anterior fontanelle that is easily seen by new parents is referred to as the _____.

"soft spot"

At the proximal end of the femur, the head articulates with the curved surface of the _____.

Acetabulum

Rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints result in the development of _____.

Arthritis

Arthritis always involves damage to the _____.

Articular cartilage

The part of the skeletal system that forms the longitudinal axis of the body is the _____ division.

Axial

The surface features of the skeletal system that yield an abundance of anatomical information are referred to as _____.

Bone markings

The most common pressure-related bursitis, involving a tender nodule around bursae over the base of the great toe, is a _____.

Bunion

The large heel bone that receives weight transmitted to the ground by the inferior surface of the talus is the _____.

Calcaneous

If the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal, C cells in the thyroid gland secrete _____.

Calcitonin

The hormone synthesized in the kidneys that is essential for normal calcium and phosphate ion absorption in the digestive tract is _____.

Calcitriol

The major mineral associated with the development and mineralization of bone is _____.

Calcium

A typical rib articulates with the vertebral column at the area of the rib called the head of _____.

Capitulum

The vertebrae that stabilize relative positions of the brain and spinal cord are the _____ vertebrae.

Cervical

The bone that cannot resist strong forces and provides the only fixed support for the pectoral girdle is the _____.

Clavicle

Fractures that shatter the affected area into a multitude of bony fragments are called _____ fractures.

Comminuted

The spinal curves that assist in allowing a child to walk and run are called _____ curves.

Compensation

Fractures that project through the skin are called _____ fractures.

Compound

A smooth, rounded articular process that articulates with an adjacent bone is a _____.

Condyle

The cartilaginous extensions that connect the ribs to the sternum are the _____ cartilages.

Costal

The ilium, ischium, and a pubis fuse to form each _____.

Coxal bone

The part of the skull that provides protection for the brain is the _____.

Cranium

The type of ossification that begins with the formation of a hyaline cartilage model is _____.

Endochondral

The expanded region of a long bone consisting of spongy bone is called the _____.

Epiphysis

The accessory structures that provide protection for the articular cartilages are the _____.

Fat pads

The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the _____.

Femur

The bone in the lower leg that is completely excluded from the knee joint is the _____.

Fibula

The last two pairs of ribs that do not articulate with the sternum are called _____ ribs.

Floating

At birth, the cranial bones are connected by areas of fibrous connective tissues called _____.

Fontanelles

The opening that connects the cranial cavity with the canal enclosed by the spinal column is the _____.

Foramen Magnum

The synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket is a _____.

Gomphosis

The first toe is anatomically referred to as the _____.

Hallux

A movement that allows you to gaze at the ceiling is _____.

Hyperextension

The largest coxal bone is _____.

Ilium

The paired scroll-like bones located on each side of the nasal septum are the _____.

Inferior concha

The annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposes are structures composing the _____.

Intervertebral discs

When osteoblasts differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue, the process is called _____ ossification.

Intramembranous

Bones with complex shapes and short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces are termed ______.

Irregular

When articulating surfaces are forced out of position, the displacement is called a _____.

Luxation

The ability of bone to adapt to new stresses results from the turnover and recycling of _____.

Matrix

The joint accessory structures that my subdivide a synovial cavity are _____.

Menisci

The bones that form the palm of the hand are the _____.

Metacarpals

Irritants are flushed off the walls of the nasal cavities because of the production of _____.

Mucus

The bones of the skeleton proved an extensive surface area for the attachment of _____.

Muscles

The process that refers specifically to the formation of bone is _____.

Ossification

Cuboidal cells that synthesize the organic components of the bone matrix are _____.

Osteoblasts

During bone renewal, as one osteon forms through the activity of osteoblasts, another is destroyed by _____.

Osteoclasts

In adults, the cells responsible for maintaining the matrix in osseous tissue are the _____.

Osteocytes

The basic functional unit of compact bone is the _____.

Osteon

The airspaces connected to the nasal cavities are the _____ sinuses.

Paranasal

The coxae, the sacrum, and the coccyx form a composite structure called the _____.

Pelvis

The region bounded by the inferior edges of the pelvis is called the _____.

Perineum

Anteriorly, the medial surfaces of the hip bones are interconnected by a pad of fibrous cartilage at a joint called the _____.

Pubic symphysis

The organic and mineral components of the bone matrix are continually being recycled and renewed through the process of _____.

Remodeling

A general term that indicates pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal and/or muscular systmes is _____.

Rheumatism

At its proximal end, the round head of the humerous articulates with the _____.

Scapula

Of the five major functions of the skeleton, the two that depend on the dynamic nature of bone are mineral storage and _____.

Support

A rigid cartilaginous connection such as an epiphyseal plate is called a _____.

Synchondrosis

The amphiarthrotic distal articulation between the tibia and fibula is a _____.

Syndesmosis

The structures that pass across or around a joint that may limit the range of motion and provide mechanical support are _____.

Tendons

The bone that forms the medial support of the forearm is the _____.

Ulna

The medium, heart-shaped, flat face that serves as a facet for rib articulation on the thoracic vertebrae is called the _____.

Vertebral body

The smallest part of the sternum that serves as an area of attachment for the muscular diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles is the _____.

Xiphoid process

The storage of lipids and bones occurs in the _____.

Yellow marrow

If a person has dislocated his pollex, he has injured his _____.

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