Chapter 1: the world of innovative management
father of scientific management
Frederick Winslow Taylor
who should you think of when you think of the scientific management approach
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Who were two advocates from more humanistic approach
Mary Parker Follett and Chester Barnard
Who should you think of when you think of bureaucratic
Max Weber
one of the most significant innovations influencing modern management
Scientific management
What do managers do?
Set goals, organize, motivate and communicate, measure, and develop people
looking at history gives managers..
a borader perspective for interpreting and responding to current opportunities and problems
scalar chain
a chain of authority extends from the top to the bottom of the organization and should include every employee
benchmarking
a process whereby companies find out how other do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it
role
a set of expectations for a manager's behavior
organization
a social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structure
managers in small businesses often see their most important roles as being..
a spokesperson for the business and acting as an entrepreneur
an organization is a...
a system
employee involvement
achieving better quality requires companywide participation in quality control
the organization must be managed....
as a whole
organizing
assign responsibilities for task accomplishment
Current management ideas and practices can be traced to the _______ approach
behavior sciences
"every situation is unique"
case view
Mananger's get things done by _____________ and _______________ other people
coordinating and motivating
motivate and communicate
create teamwork via decisions on pay, promotions, etc and through communications
resource allocator
decide who gets resources; schedule, budget, set priorities
performance
defined as the organization's ability to attain its goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner
leader
direct and motivate subordinates; train, counsel, and communicate with subordinates
organize
divide work into manageable activities and select people to accomplish tasks
behavior sciences approach
draws from psychology, sociology, and other social sciences to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting
unity of command
each subordinate received order from one and only one superior
bureautic organization approach
emphasizes on an impersonal, rational basis
humanistic perspective
emphasizes understandin human behavior, needs and attitudes in the workplace
decisional
entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
set objectives
establish goals for the group and decide what must be done to achieve them
Interpersonal
figure head, leader, liaison
scientific management
focuses on productivity of the individual worker
administrative principles approach
focuses on the total organization
management and organizations are shaped by
forces in the larger society
disseminator
forward information to other organization members; send memos and reports, make phone calls
managers in nonprofit organizations direct their effort toward _________ rather than __________
generating some kind of social impact rather than making money
quants
have become the dominant decision making in financial firms
The job of mangers is _________ diverse and ______ paced
highly, fast
continuous improvement
implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis
Hawthorne studies
important in shaping ideas concerning how managers should treat workers
managers tend to look for innovative ideas and approaches..
in times of turbulent
social media programs
include online community pages, social media sites, microblogging platforms such as twitter, and company online forums that enable managers to interact electronically with employees, customers, partners, and other stakeholders
Barnard contributions..
include the acceptance theory of authority
entrepreneur
initiate improvement projects; identify new ideas, delegate idea responsibility to others
system
is a set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose.
why is good management important
it contributes so much to society
liaison
maintain information links inside and outside the organization; use email, phone, meetings
division of work
managerial work and technical work are amenable to specialization to produce more and better work with the same amount of effort
systems thinking
means looking not just at discrete parts of an organizational situation, but also at the continually changing interactions among the parts
Some managers are using _______________ to increase efficiency
mobile apps
controlling
monitor activities and make corrections
informational
monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
Because of the interdependent nature of management..
new managers often have less freedom and control than they expect to have
Managers are always on the lookout for..
new techniques and approaches to meet shifting organizational needs
Follett emphasized..
participation, empowerment, shared goals, and facilitating rather than controlling employees
subsystems
parts of a system that depend on one another for their functioning
figure head
perform ceremonial and symbolic duties such as greeting visitors, signing legal documents
efficiency
pertains to the amount of resources (raw materials, money and people) used to produce a desired volume of output
Management functions
planning, organizing, leading and controlling
Two main reasons managers fail?
poor communication and poor interpersonal skills
another name for management science
quantitative perspective
develop people
recognize the value of employees and develop this critical organizational asset
supply chain management
refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and purchases, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers
effectiveness
refers to the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal
time management
refers to using techniques that enable you to get more done in less and with better results, be more relaxed and have more time to enjoy your work and your life
negotiator
represent team or department's interests, represent department during negotiation of budgets, union contracts, purchases
synergy
says that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
monitor
seek and receive information; scan Web, periodicals, reports; maintain personal contracts
planning
select goals and ways to attain them
measure
set targets and standards; appraise performance
unity of direction
similar activators in an organization should be grouped together under one manager
human relations movement
stresses the satisfaction of employee's basic needs as the key to increased productivity
A manager's weaknesses become more apparent during...
stressful times of uncertainty, change or crisis
classical perspective
study of modern management; sought to turn organizations into efficient operating machines
human resources perspective
suggests that jobs should be designed to meet people's higher level needs by allowing employees to use their full potential
disturbance handler
take corrective action during conflicts or crises; resolve disputes among subordinates
contingency view
tells managers that what works in one organizational situation might not work in others
New management competencies includes..
the ability to be an enabler rather than a controller, using an empowering leadership style, encouraging collaboration, leading teams, and mobilizing for change and innovation
Management
the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources
spokesperson
transmit information to outsiders through speeches, reports
"There is one best way"
universalist view
leading
use influence to motivate employees
customer relationship management (CRM)
use information technology to keep in close touch with customers, collect and manage large amounts of customer data, and provide superior customer value
management science
uses mathematics, statistical techniques and computer technology to facilitate management decision making
managers in nonprofit organizations often struggle with..
what constitutes effectiveness