Chapter 10 BCED Adaptive Assignment: Research Process

Which of the following is the best definition of a summary?

A condensed restatement of a source's main point in original language.

When student writers integrate source material into their writing to describe or explain the topic or issue they are writing about, what are they providing?

Background information

Which of the following research questions is debatable?

How can working parents manage their careers so that they will have more time with their children?

Common knowledge includes all the facts, quotations, and ideas that a particular group of people ______.

are likely to know

Complete the sentence with the correct word or phrase. The types of sources required for a given project often depend on your purpose and your ______.

audience

When summarizing, what should writers make sure to do?

Use their own wording and sentence structure to convey the source's main point.

You are doing a project on civil disobedience using this research question: "What were the origins of the idea of using civil disobedience as a form of protest?" Which sources would be good choices for this project? Select all that apply.

-the famous nineteenth-century writer and activist Henry David Thoreau's essay "Civil Disobedience" -a personal letter containing Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s reflections on using civil disobedience as a form of protest

Natalie is summarizing a paragraph from an article for her paper. Even though she is careful to make sure the wording in her summary is her own, and that her summary is significantly different from the original paragraph, she still needs to do which of the following?

Cite the source.

It is the education which gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teaches him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant (Newman 178). Which of the following is the best paraphrase of this passage?

For Newman, a good college education teaches students to know why they think what they think. It shows them how to think critically and form opinions in a logical, evidence-based way. Moreover, college students must learn to be articulate and persuasive. In the process, they should discover how to face facts, separate the essential from the secondary or irrelevant, and know when they are being deceived or manipulated by the rhetoric or others (Newman 178).

When writers incorporate another writer's exact wording in their own text, what strategy are they using?

Quoting

Complete the sentence with the correct word or phrase. A source that provides information about a primary source by retelling, reviewing, or summarizing it is called a(n) ______ source.

Secondary

Dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, and annuals are ______ sources.

general information

Which is not a function of secondary sources?

present direct observation

General information sources are often used ______.

to find preliminary information about a topic, issue, or person

Select all that apply Which statements about a website's reliability are true? Select all that apply.

-A website's sponsors often have an influence on the information presented. -A reputation for publishing accurate and credible material suggests reliability.

Select all that apply Which of the statements below should be documented? Select all that apply.

-There are 722 miles of subway track in New York City. -"As mayor of this city, Jones should end the transportation workers' strike."

Select all that apply Which of the following actions can result in a failing grade or, in some cases, expulsion from college? Select all that apply.

-patchwriting -plagiarism

Select all that apply Which publications are examples of scholarly sources? Select all that apply.

-the American Journal of Clinical Pathology -Studies in Latin American Popular Culture

Select all that apply When evaluating a source for trustworthiness, it would be helpful to consider which factors? Select all that apply.

-the source's references to other credible sources -the credentials of the author -the sponsor of the source or website

When evaluating a source for trustworthiness, it would be helpful to consider which factors? Select all that apply.

-the source's references to other credible sources -the sponsor of the source or website -the credentials of the author

Select all that apply Which of these choices are characteristics of scholarly sources? Select all that apply.

-typically peer-reviewed for accuracy -include bibliographic information -written by academics and expert professionals

Effective research questions typically have these qualities. Select all that apply.

-They are specific. -debatable

A college student is writing a paper about the study habits, learning styles, and academic experiences of other students at a university. Which of the following would be a primary source for the project? Select all that apply.

-A survey of the college's students about their habits, attitudes, and experiences -Interviews with 30 of the university's undergraduates about their academic experiences

Which of the following research questions is the most focused?

How do online portfolios help students learn in their English class?

Read this example of source material integrated into a text that argues that laptop computers need to be easier for consumers to use. What is the student writer's reason for using the integrated material? After Healy describes consumers' perceptions of repairing laptops as "tedious and time-consuming," he accuses the industry of an inability to manufacture machines that are truly user-friendly (213).

To support the thesis

Complete the sentence with the correct word or phrase. When a student hands in a paper that uses another person's ideas or words and does not cite any sources, the student will likely face severe consequences for ______.

plagiarism

Complete the sentence with the correct word or phrase. When evaluating an author's expertise, consider the author's educational and ______ credentials.

professional

Complete the sentence with the best possible answer from the choices below: When paraphrasing a source, a writer should ______.

provide a citation, including the source author's name and (if applicable) a page number.

When paraphrasing a passage from a text, you ______.

restate the main ideas and supporting ideas in your own words, creating a passage that is approximately the same length as the original

Which would be appropriate general information sources to find background information on major American poets of the nineteenth century? Select all that apply.

-The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature, which compiles author biographies, important texts, and developments in the history of American literature -The Norton Anthology of American Literature, which collects the best works by the most important authors in American literature

Not a primary source

-The book Parting the Waters: America in the King Years by the historian Taylor Branch -The article titled "Rethinking Civil Rights Lawyering and Politics in the Era Before Brown" by Kenneth W. Mack, published in The Yale Law Journal

Select all that apply Choose the examples that most effectively use a signal phrase to introduce source material. Select all that apply.

-The novelist and critic Henry James writes of Nathaniel Hawthorne, "[H]e virtually offers the most vivid reflection of New England life that has found its way into literature" (103). -The novelist Henry James thought Nathaniel Hawthorne offered a powerful and memorable view of life in New England.

A student is working on a research project about a local mansion that was built shortly after the American Revolutionary War ended in 1783. Which of the following would be appropriate primary sources for the project? Select all that apply.

-The original design sketches, floor plans, and landscape drawings for the mansion done by its architect -A 1790 newspaper article about the construction of the mansion published at the time of its completion

Mark Twain famously held the Scottish novelist Walter Scott responsible for the US Civil War. In the nineteenth century, America was part of a movement toward "liberty, humanity, and progress" (33). Then, writes Twain, "comes Sir Walter Scott with his enchantments, and by his single might checks this wave of progress, and even turns it back; sets the world in love with dreams and phantoms; with decayed and swinish forms of religion; with decayed and degraded systems of government" (33).

writes Twain

Which of the following describe keyword search terms? Select all that apply.

-They are a small group of individual words and phrases. -They are used in library databases for finding sources. -They are focused on a topic's key elements.

Select all that apply In which scenarios would the person described be considered an expert? Select all that apply.

-a professor of American history giving a public lecture on the causes of the American Civil War -an experienced structural engineer reporting on the safety of a bridge he has examined

Select all that apply You are writing a research paper on the political and military decisions that led to the 2003 US invasion of Iraq. Which sources would be relevant and appropriate for this project? Select all that apply.

-a scholarly article about US conflict with Iraq from 1990 to 2003 -a memo written by then-Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld in 2002

Select all that apply A student has been assigned a paper about immigration, and the directions state that only scholarly sources should be used. Which items would be appropriate scholarly sources for this paper? Select all that apply.

-article titled "The Economics of Immigration" from the Journal of Economic Literature -book titled The Economic Sociology of Immigration, published by the Cambridge University Press

Select all that apply Which of the following are considered general information sources (references)? Select all that apply.

-encyclopedias -almanacs -dictionaries

Select all that apply Which of the following is an effective quotation from a source? Select all that apply.

-Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, said in his second inaugural address that the country should not bear any grudges but pursue a just peace, "with malice toward none, with charity for all" (154). -In the Gettysburg address, President Abraham Lincoln found meaning in the sacrifice made by the soldiers he was memorializing by stating that "we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom" (154). -In his second inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln said, "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in" (154).

Select all that apply When evaluating an online author's reliability, which questions would be helpful to ask? Select all that apply.

-Has the author previously published in the field? -Does the author support his or her ideas with credible sources? -What are the author's educational or professional credentials?

Select all that apply Which of the following statements describes a good summary? Select all that apply.

-It will be shorter than the original passage because it only captures the main point. -It will be written in the summarizer's own words and sentence structure.

You have written this research question: Is there a link between childhood bullying and criminal behavior during adulthood? Which of the following would be an appropriate secondary source to use as support for your topic?

Article entitled, "Research Brief: Childhood Bullying Linked to Adult Psychiatric Disorders," on stopbullying.gov

Which of the following would be considered a secondary source for the research question: What can be done to help persons experiencing homelessness find permanent residences

Article from The New York Times that comments on a proposed governmental plan to help persons experiencing homelessness.

Whatever be the dignity or profundity of his disquisition, whether he be enlarging knowledge or exalting affection, whether he be amusing attention with incidents or enchaining it in suspense, let but a quibble spring up before him, and he leaves his work unfinished. A quibble is the golden apple for which he will always turn aside from his career, or stoop from his elevation (Johnson 254). Which of the following is the best paraphrase of this passage?

Shakespeare has always been famous for his dirty jokes. But the legendary eighteenth-century critic Samuel Johnson thought Shakespeare loved racy double meanings far too much. According to Johnson in his 1765 Preface to Shakespeare, the playwright can be discussing a profound topic, or furthering a play's storyline, but if he sees the chance to include a dirty pun, he always abandons his more dignified artistic purpose for the sake of a cheap joke (Johnson 254).

Alyssa likes another writer's ideas and wants to incorporate them into her own paper, but the writer's language is too complex and specialized for Alyssa's audience. What can Alyssa do to avoid plagiarism?

She can paraphrase the source's ideas and include a citation.

A student is working on a project about the contemporary status of labor unions in the United States. Her initial research question was: What is organized labor? Which of the following would be the best revision of this question?

What factors have led to the decline of organized labor over the past forty years?

Choose the example below that most effectively uses signal phrase(s) to introduce source material.

While some argue that morality is complicated, the influential American novelist Theodore Dreiser disagrees: "The sum and substance of literary as well as social morality may be expressed in three words—tell the truth" (581).

Complete the sentence with the correct word or phrase. Words relevant to the topic of a writing project that are used to find supporting information are called ______.

search terms or keywords

primary source

-A letter from a volunteer for Freedom Summer, a voter registration drive in Mississippi in 1964, describing her experiences to her parents -A speech delivered in 1968 by Ralph Abernathy, an activist in the civil rights movement and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King

Select all that apply The topic for a research project is "Human effects on the landscape and the environment." Which of the following would be effective research questions for that topic? Select all that apply.

-How can we measure the economic benefits of hydraulic fracking against its costs to the environment, and then decide whether it should be allowed? -What specific steps can our community take to protect its parks, forests, and underdeveloped areas? -How can urban and suburban development in our town be made more sustainable and environmentally friendly?

Select all that apply Which of the following are not forms of plagiarism? Select all that apply.

-Putting someone else's words verbatim in quotation marks and citing the source -Writing your own ideas in your own words

Select all that apply Which characteristics indicate that a source might be unduly biased? Select all that apply.

-The source is known for its controversial views and contempt for opposing perspectives. -The purpose of the source is to sell a service or product.

Read the following passage on the history of crime films, and then answer the question below: In the late 1940s, most American crime films could be divided into two distinctive categories, with two different points of view. The first category was film noir, which focused on the perspective of the criminal, the outsider, the trapped antihero, or the private investigator; the second was labeled procedural drama, which shifted the perspective to the professional police force, the FBI, and other respectable institutions charged with maintaining public order (Ousborne 13). Which of the following is the best paraphrase of this passage?

Both film noir and procedural dramas flourished as the two main types of crime film in the decade after World War II. Movies In the former category presented the stories—and viewpoints—of hunted criminals and struggling antiheroes. In contrast, movies in the latter category highlighted respectable, impersonal public institutions that maintained law and order (Ousborne 13).

Read the passage below, and then answer the question that follows. The best-kept secrets can become public knowledge when private files are hacked. Yes, it is possible to encrypt files, build firewalls, and ensure that passwords are regularly changed. But even the best security measures can be worthless when a hacker is patient, skilled, and determined. What is the best course of action to ensure that secrets are kept private? Never put highly confidential information online (Teeter 87). Which of the following choices is an example of patchwriting?

Even well-guarded secrets can become public information when personal computer files are hacked. Sure, you can encrypt files, use firewalls, and change your passwords frequently. However, even great safeguards can be of little value against patient, skilled, and determined hackers. So how can you make sure to keep your secrets secret? Don't share confidential information on the Internet.

Willy Loman seems like the main character in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. Certainly, when Miller wrote the play, he explicitly imagined Willy as a tragic hero, revised for the modern world. The sad and doomed arc of Willy's character is powerful—emotionally, intellectually, and aesthetically. But what if we shift our perspective? How does the meaning of the play change if we view Biff Loman as the real protagonist of Death of a Salesman, not his doomed father? For one thing, the tragic ending of the play becomes much more hopeful (Ousborne 250). Which of the following choices is an example of patchwriting?

Willy Loman appears to be the protagonist of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. No doubt, when the playwright wrote the play, he overtly conceived Willy as a tragic hero, updated for contemporary times. The tragic arc of Willy's character affects the audience's emotions and thoughts powerfully. However, what if we change our viewpoint?

As long as their reliability has been established and they include relevant information, all of the following would be appropriate as cited sources in college research projects except a(n) ______.

almanac

Suppose you are researching the topic of gender identity and are having trouble understanding a current controversy discussed in several scholarly sources you have found. Which source would be the best choice to give you insight into the controversy?

an article about the controversy in Newsweek magazine

Complete the sentence with the correct word or phrase. Good sources are both relevant (because they provide information related to your project) and ______ (because they meet the academic and/or professional expectations for the kind of project you are working on).

appropriate

What is the student writer's reason for using the integrated material? Collie's 2014 research study, which concluded that "the surveyed consumers were affected more by negative advertising than by positive advertising," did not divide advertisements by medium (i.e., radio, Internet, television, print), so readers who are also advertisers are poorly served by this survey since they're unable to determine which medium might be most helpful for them to use—or avoid (16). The student writer integrated this source material into this piece of writing in order to ______.

present the source's study in order to refute it

You do not need to cite sources when ______.

you are referring to common knowledge