Chapter 10. Campaigns and Elections

Watch the animation below, and then complete the following statement. In 2016, - won the electoral college. In that same election, -won the popular vote. -Bernie Sanders -Donald Trump -Hillary Clinton

-Donald Trump -Hillary Clinton

Which of the following statements is best supported by the figure below? -Democrats were the most likely group of the three to vote for third-party candidates. -Even unpopular candidates win the vast majority of their own party's voters. -Clinton did better among Republicans than Trump did among Democrats. -Independents were evenly split between the candidates.

-Even unpopular candidates win the vast majority of their own party's voters.

Which of the following statements about campaign fundraising in 2016 is most accurate? -The Republican candidate, Donald Trump, raised substantially more money than the Democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton. -The Democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton, raised substantially more money than the Republican candidate, Donald Trump. -Both major party presidential candidates raised about the same amount of money.

-The Democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton, raised substantially more money than the Republican candidate, Donald Trump.

Study the figure, and then answer the following question. Which statement best characterizes the relationship between consumer confidence and presidential elections? -The incumbent party tends to win when confidence exceeds 100. -The challenger's party tends to win when confidence exceeds 110. -The incumbent party tends to win when confidence is below 80. -The challenger's party tends to win when confidence exceeds 100.

-The incumbent party tends to win when confidence exceeds 100.

Why have most major party candidates declined federal funding for their presidential campaigns recently? -They could raise and spend far more money on their own. -They could not have spent more than 50 percent of the funding on advertising. -They philosophically opposed public funding. -They would have been required to campaign in all 50 states.

-They could raise and spend far more money on their own.

The 2010 Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission had what effect on campaign financing? -determined that campaign money is not a free speech issue -allowed individuals to contribute unlimited money directly to a political candidate -allowed Super PACs to spend unlimited money in independent support of candidates -prevented interest groups from running ads within 60 days of a general election

-allowed Super PACs to spend unlimited money in independent support of candidates

Since America's Founding, candidates for president have been nominated using a variety of methods. Put the following nomination methods in order from earliest in American history to the most recent. -delegates chosen by primaries and caucuses -congressional "King Caucus" -delegates chosen by state party leaders

-congressional "King Caucus" -delegates chosen by state party leaders -delegates chosen by primaries and caucuses

Order the political candidates on their likelihood of attracting campaign donations from interest groups from most likely to least likely. -challenger candidate from minority party -incumbent member of minority party -incumbent member of majority party -challenger candidate from majority party

-incumbent member of majority party -incumbent member of minority party -challenger candidate from majority party -challenger candidate from minority party

Complete the following statement. Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require - effort by campaign workers and - campaign money. -less -more

-less -more

Which form of electoral system is most common in the United States? -plurality system -proportional representation -majority system

-plurality system

Complete the following statement. Negative campaign ads are more likely to address -, while positive campaign ads tend to focus on -. -policy positions -endorsements -personal characteristics

-policy positions -personal characteristics

Fill in the - Winners of - elections go on to face each other in the -election. -primary -special -general -plurality

-primary -general

Maria is deciding whether to vote to re-elect a sitting president or to vote for the other party's challenger. She decides to engage in retrospective voting. As a retrospective voter, she might consider which of the following? -whether she prefers one candidate's religious views over the other's -how the economy did during the president's previous term in office -whether she agrees with the candidate on the issue of equal pay -how she thinks the economy will do in the next administration

Correct answers -How the economy did during the president's previous term in office Incorrect answers -whether she prefers one candidate's religious views over the other's -whether she agrees with the candidate on the issue of equal pay -how she thinks the economy will do in the next administration

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the stability of party identification? -Looking at the electorate as a whole, party identification is stable. -Individuals rarely change their party identification. -Individuals commonly change their party identification. -Individuals never change their party identification. -Looking at the electorate as a whole, party identification is volatile.

Correct answers -Looking at the electorate as a whole, part identification is stable. -Individuals rarely change their party identification. Incorrect answers -Individuals never change their party identification. -Individuals commonly change their party identification. -Looking at the electorate as a whole, party identification is volatile.

Which of the following set groups such as 527s and 501(c)(4)s apart from more traditional campaign finance groups such as political action committees? -These groups are not subject to the spending limits of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act. -These groups have been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. -These groups cannot coordinate directly with campaigns. -These groups do not have to disclose where they get their money.

Correct answers -These groups are not subject to the spending limits of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act. -These groups cannot coordinate directly with campaigns Incorrect answers -These groups have been ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. -These groups do not have to disclose where they get their money.

When is party identification most likely to influence a person's vote choice? -when that person is voting on presidential candidates -when that person knows little about the candidates -when that person is voting on state legislative candidates -when that person is unfamiliar with the issues

Correct answers -when that person is unfamiliar with the issues -when the person knows little about the candidates -when that person is voting on state legislative candidates Incorrect answers -when that person is voting on presidential candidates

Match the U.S. Supreme Court case to the effect it had on campaign spending. -removed limits on individuals' campaign contributions -introduced idea that campaign contributions count as speech -government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations *McCutcheon et al. v. FEC (2014) *Citizens United v. FEC (2010) *Buckley v. Valeo (1974)

McCutcheon et al. v. FEC (2014) -removed liits on individuals' campaign contributions Citizens United v. FEC (2010) -government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations Buckley v. Valeo (1974) -introduced idea that campaign contributions count as speech

T/F One advantage digital media has over traditional media concerning campaigns is its low cost.

True

Match the frequency of the election cycle to the corresponding election type. -two years -four years -eight years *congressional elections *presidential elections

congressional elections -two years presidential elections -four years

Match the type of campaign on the left with each campaign characteristic that describes it on the right. -grassroots campaign -mass media campaign *organizationally driven *local campaign *statewide campaign *money-intensive

organizationally driven -grassroots campaign local campaign -grassroots campaign statewide campaign -mass media campaign money-intensive -mass media campaign

Direct democracy allows voters the opportunity to directly translate their preferences into government policy. Match the following characteristics of direct democracy to their respective form—ballot initiatives or referenda. -present in 50 states -allows citizens to place proposed law directly on ballot -state legislature refers laws to voters for popular vote *referendum *ballot initiative

referendum -state legislature refers laws to voters for popular vote -president in 50 states ballot initiative -allows citizens to place proposed law directly on ballot