Chapter 10 - GOVT 2305, GOVT 2305 chapter 11, GOVT 2305 Chapter 14

Approximately how many lobbyists are currently registered with Congress?

12,000

Which of the following statements accurately characterize the current American approach to trade?

America typically tries to protect domestic industries America typically supports free trade agreements

_____ are those individuals who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring or providing them.

Free riders

___ are the MOST widespread and important category of selective benefits offered to group members.

Informational benefits

____ is the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation.

Pluralism

________ occurs when a citizen votes for a candidate because he or she approves of the candidate's past record.

Retrospective voting

If the President wants to avoid having to go to the _____ for ratification of a treaty, he can sign an ____ with a foreign nation instead.

Senate Executive agreement

How do netroots associations differ from traditional interest groups?

They are quicker to adapt to changes in politics.

Informational benefits

___ are the MOST widespread and important category of selective benefits offered to group members.

grassroots mobilization

a lobbying campaign in which a group mobilizes its membership to contact government officials in support of the group's position (page 443)

political action committee (PAC)

a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns (page 445)

lobbying

a strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on government officials (page 436)

staff organization

a type of membership group in which a professional staff conducts most of the group's activities (page 429)

institutional advertising

advertising designed to create a positive image of an organization (page 443)

In foreign policy, the president is _____ central to the process. During _____ periods, Congress and interest groups become more influential.

always normal

membership association

an organized group in which members play a substantial role, sitting on committees and engaging in group projects (page 429)

During the Cold War, the United States balanced between two extremes. On the one hand, the United States built a huge military force. On the other hand, it frequently stated that it had no intention of attacking the Soviet Union, though it did engage in several proxy conflicts such as Vietnam and Korea. What two principles did the U.S. adopt with the Soviet Union?

deterrence containment

Let us say that the nation of Bermuda was trying to develop the ability to manufacture nuclear weapons and the United States did not want them to do so. Order the following possible responses the United States could use, from the one that is likely to be tried first to the one that is likely to be used only as a last resort.

diplomacy sanctions military force

In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Supreme Court ruled that

federal courts can constitutionally intervene on the issue of drawing of legislative districts.

An economic "carrot" , or incentive, is ______. An economic "stick", or punishment, is _____

foreign aid sanctions

When states vie for influence by holding their nominating processes earlier, it is called ________.

front-loading

The Sierra Club urges its members to contact their senators about a bill currently being considered in Congress. This is an example of

grassroots mobilization.

netroots

grassroots online activist organizations that have redefined membership and fund-raising practices and streamlined staff structure (page 429)

citizen groups

groups that claim they serve the general good rather than only their own particular interests (page 425)

In staff organizations, MOST of the work is done by

hired professionals.

interest group

individuals who organize to influence the government's programs and policies (page 421)

Amnesty International, an association that exposes human rights violations and attempts to influence the United States to curb such abuses, is an example of what type of "nonofficial player" in foreign policy issues?

interest group

From 1641 to 1853, Japan maintained a policy of (almost) never involving itself in the affairs of its neighboring countries, whether it be military conflicts or general power struggles. This is an example of what policy?

isolationism

Lobbying is easier on which kinds of issues?

issues that the public does not care about

During midterm elections, voters are selecting ________.

members of Congress

Grassroots online activist organizations that have redefined membership and fundraising practices and streamlined staff structure are known as

netroots

A free rider is a(n)

person who enjoys the benefits of a collective good, action, or service without any effort on their part.

A bias in the interest group system that favors the wealthy is a criticism of which theory of government?

pluralism

Political scientists call voters' choices that focus on future behavior ________ voting, while those based on past performances are called ________ voting.

prospective; retrospective

What is the first and foremost part of a lobbyist's job?

providing information to lawmakers about their interests and the legislation at hand

If a citizen votes for a Republican for president and a Democrat for senator, he or she has engaged in ________.

split-ticket voting

In which type of interest group does the organization employ professionals who conduct MOST of the group's activities while members are called on largely to pay dues and make other contributions?

staff organization

Russia's military is _____, and the Russian economy is ______.

strong weak

Who is an incumbent?

the current officeholder, running for re-election

pluralism

the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation (page 421)

A runoff election is likely to occur when

there are more than two candidates running in the election.

free riders

those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring or providing them (page 429)

Members of interest groups are MOST likely to be

wealthy.

What is the legal voting age in the country?

18

Which of the following are committees in Congress related to foreign policy?

Committee on Foreign Affair Foreign Relations Committee

Which of the following countries have a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council?

France China Russia The United Kingdom The United States

Which federal department is responsible for diplomacy?

State

Which of the following organizations or agreements are primarily related to free trade?

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade World Trade Organization

collective goods

benefits sought by groups that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers (page 429)

The Supreme Court has ruled that

campaign spending is a form of free speech

A type of interest group that is known for serving the general good rather than their own particular interests is known as a(an)

citizen group

Which of the following are ways in which Congress can check the power of the president in foreign policy?

fail to ratify a treaty refuse to confirm a nominee for ambassador provide no funding for military operation

Extremely important to many newer citizen groups and netroots is "consciousness-raising," which can be included as a _____ benefit of group membership.

solidary

Politicians attempt to "balance the ticket" with members of many important groups because

voters tend to prefer candidates who are closer to themselves in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, geography, and social background.

When do incumbents have difficulty securing supporters and contributors?

when they have experienced negative publicity