Chapter 10: Modes of Transportation

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Types of Air Carriers:

-Combination Carriers -Air Cargo Carriers

Types of Rail Carriers:

-Linehaul -Shortline

Types of Rail Services:

-Manifest Trains -Unit Trains -Intermodal Trains

Primary modes of Transportation:

-Motor Carrier -Rail -Air -Water -Pipeline -Intermodal

Types of Motor Carriers:

-Private fleets -For-hire trucking

Motor Carrier's Operating Characteristics:

-Truckload (TL) -Less-than-truckload (LTL) -Small package carriers

Mode's ability to reach the origin and destination facilities and provide efficient direct routing.

Accessibility

Exclusively mail, packages and freight. This provides either scheduled or on-demand service.

Air Cargo Carriers

Fastest transit times and poor accessibility that affects door-to-door speed.

Air Carriers

Good reliability but can be affected by accessibility and poor capability.

Air Carriers

Most expensive of all modes.

Air Carriers

Transport small quantities of high value density ($/lb) freight.

Air Carriers

The mode can physically perform the transport service required.

Capability

Moves freight and passengers. The freight is loaded in the hold and is termed as belly freight.

Combination Carriers

Freight is loaded into a container and the container is moved between modes.

Containerized Freight

Poor handling, poor ride quality, accidents, improper packaging.

Damage

Their primary business is transportation and they transport freight of other firms.

For-hire Trucking

Door-to-Door service with expedited services and consistent schedule of pick-up and delivery, usually truck or van (FedEx, UPS)

Integrated Air Cargo Carriers

Linehaul movement of intermodal containers and trailers.

Intermodal Trains

A Necessity in global trade.

Intermodal Transport

Very good accessibility and has a very low cost.

Intermodal Transport

Multiple shipments carried on each trailer (150-15,000 lbs). Hub and spoke network.

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL)

Provides services between major markets.

Linehaul

Mixture of freight and equipment from many customers, time for classification.

Manifest Trains

Has short transit times and is used for high value, time sensitive goods.

Motor Carrier

Has the flexibility to carry wide range of loads, from small vans to large multi-trailer trucks. It transports bulk freight and manufactured goods.

Motor Carrier

This is the most widely used transportation mode. It has the highest freight spend among all modes and highest tons lifted among all modes.

Motor Carrier

Provides only air transportation.

Non-integrated Air Cargo Carriers

Lowest cost land mode and very slow.

Pipelines

There are private and for-hire carriers and have a good safety record. Security is Paramount.

Pipelines

Very reliable and act as warehouses.

Pipelines

Moves freight that is owned by the firm operating the trucks. The primary business of the firm is not transportation.

Private Fleets

Fair reliability but long transit times and low speed.

Railroad

Good capability, has flexibility to carry wide range of loads.

Railroad

Low cost and Poor accessibility.

Railroad

Most throughput of all the modes.

Railroad

Used for long distance transportation of low value density ($/lb) products such as commodities, grains, oil and coal.

Railroad

Consistency of transit times.

Reliability

Protection from theft, loss, vandalism, and misappropriation for terrorism.

Security

Local and regional links between individual customers and Class I railroads.

Shortline

Similar to LTL but each shipment < 150 lbs.

Small package carriers

Total elapsed time to move goods from origin to destination.

Transit Time

The freight itself is handled when transferring between modes.

Transload Freight

Single shipment uses up the entire weight and/or volume capacity of the truck/trailer. Picks up from origin and delivers directly to the destination.

Truckload(TL)

Single type of rail car with the same freight usually for a single customer.

Unit Trains

Domestic use is limited by accessibility and is restricted to mainly bulk commodities.

Water Carriers

Globally dominates all modes.

Water Carriers

Very large carrying capacity and has a very low cost.

Water Carriers

Very slow and has very poor accessibility.

Water Carriers


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