Chapter 10 Objectives

Write the formula for a neutral ionic compound.

(refer to video)

predict the shape of various molecules

- draw the electron-dot (or line) formula of the molecule - looking at the central atom, figure out how many atoms is it bonded to, and how many nonbonding electron pairs does it have? Determine its shape -as the number of non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom increase, the bond decreases. This is because non-bonding electron pairs repel more than bonding pairs of electrons. - When a molecule only contains two atoms (for example: 02 or Cl2) the only shape it can have is linear.

difference in electronegativity for non-polar covalent

0.0-0.4

difference in electronegativity for polar covalent

0.5-1.6

difference in electronegativity for ionic

1.7-3.5

Describe how an ionic bond is formed.

Ionic bonds are formed through the exchange of valence electrons between atoms, typically a metal and a nonmetal. Metals form the cation and lose its electrons while nonmetals form the anion and gain the electrons.

Define VSEPR

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory: the valence electrons, which are paired up and located in the bonds and in non-bonding electron pairs, will repel each other to have as much space around the central atom as possible

These form between metals and nonmetals or metals and polyatomic ions

ionic bonds

what is a anion?

negative ion

what is a cation?

positive ion

Compare and contrast the properties of ionic and molecular compounds.

refer to chart in packet

metals form (cation or anion) & (lose elections or gain elections)?

cation (lose electrons)

Describe how covalent bonds are formed.

Covalent bonding achieve the octet by sharing electrons

define Electrostatic attraction

The strong attractive force that exists between a cation (position ion) and a anion (negative ion) in a compound.

Use polarity and molecular shape to identify polar and non polar molecules.

You know this!!

define polar covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the bonding of electrons spend more time near one atom than the other. a chemical bond formed by sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms

define electronegativity

a measure of the ability of an atom in a covalent bond to draw bonding electrons to itself

Explain what resonance is and draw the resonance structures for a molecule.

a method of comparing and contrasting two or more different Lewis dot structures that can possibly represent the same molecule

nonmetals form (cation or anion) & (lose elections or gain elections?

anion (gain electrons)

define non-polar covalent bond

are a type of bond that occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other. These shared electrons glue two or more atoms together to form a molecule. Like children who share toys, atoms involved in a nonpolar covalent bond equally share electrons.

Define the octet rule and use it to predict the charge obtained by an ion.

atoms gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have 8 valence electrons