Chapter 10

Which of the following statements are true concerning marijuana smoke?

-It is irritating to the lungs. -It contains THC. -Frequent use can lead to coughing.

Which of the following are characteristic of Rohypnol?

-It is known as a "date rape drug." -It is a powerful sedative. -It can lead to loss of consciousness and memory.

Illicit drug use creates economic costs for which of the following reasons?

-It leads to missed days of work for users and drug-crime victims. -It increases the amount spent on law enforcement.

Which of the following statements about marijuana use and driving are true?

-It reduces concentration. -It affects the ability to judge distance. -It slows reaction time.

Recently emerging drugs of abuse include ______.

-Spice -Purple Drank -anabolic steroids

The effects of central nervous system depressants can ______.

-be deadly if mixed with other depressants -lead to dependence

The dangerous side effects of high doses of PCP include ______.

-disorganized thinking -feelings of unreality -paranoia

The use of barbiturates often causes ______.

-drowsiness -relaxation

Which of the following are demand-side strategies that have been applied in the United States to combat the drug problem?

-education to prevent use -treatment of individuals dependent on drugs -prosecution of drug possession

On college campuses, the comprehensive drug use prevention approach known as environmental management uses tactics such as ______.

-engaging the parents of students -identifying students at-risk of using drugs

Which of the following are examples of harm-reduction strategies?

-giving heroin addicts an addictive but less debilitating drug, such as methadone -needle exchange programs

The effect of opiates on the brain are to do which of the following?

-increase pleasure -reduce pain

Side effects of using cocaine and crack cocaine include ______.

-increased heart rate -suppressed appetite

Which of the following are commonly associated with first-time usage of opioids?

-nausea -negative mood

Supporters for making marijuana use legal claim that it can help people with ______.

-nausea associated with chemotherapy -glaucoma

Which of the following are effective approaches that are used to reduce drug activity on college campuses?

-sending clear messages that using is not acceptable behavior -changing the climate of drug tolerance -involving students in prevention-planning activities

What are methods of applying a drug to the mucous membranes?

-snorting cocaine -chewing tobacco -taking suppositories

Which of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from heroin?

-sweating -nausea -vomiting

A drug's effect on a person depends on the characteristics of which of the following?

-the drug -the situation in which the drug is taken -the person taking the drug

Why are hypnotics prescribed?

-to help people sleep -to calm people before surgery -to control epilepsy

As a prescription drug, morphine is ______.

-used to relieve pain -considered highly addictive

What are the direct effects of LSD?

-visual distortion -waves of euphoria and anxiety

According to research, in 2017, what percentage of the U.S. population aged 12 or older had used an illicit (illegal) drug in the past 30 days?

11.2

Morphine was first widely used to ______.

treat pain during the civil war

What term describes the uncomfortable feelings that occur after a physically dependent drug user interrupts the use of that drug?

withdrawal

Unlike morphine, heroin ______.

Is almost completely a drug of abuse

Nikolas is going to have a major dental procedure. The dentist is most likely to give him ______.

a hypnotic

When Rio snorts cocaine, the route of administration is ______.

absorbing it through the mucous membranes

How soon can dependence of cocaine occur?

after a few uses

Although chemically different, bath salts produce effects similar to ______.

amphetamines

What is an opioid?

any of several natural or synthetic drugs that are derived from the seed pod of the opium poppy

Inhalants can be particularly dangerous because they ______.

are found in everyday products such as gasoline and glue

If a regular drug user feels uncomfortable when they stop using a particular drug, they probably ______.

are physically dependent on the drug

Which of the following is the audience for a tertiary drug prevention strategy?

at-risk individuals

What drug contains a stimulant found in the khat plant?

bath salts

When discussing withdrawal, it is important to remember that withdrawal symptoms ______

can be different for different types of drugs

Decreased activity in the brain and the sympathetic nervous system is an effect of ______.

central nervous system depressants

Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine all change the body primarily by changing its ______.

chemical actions

Drugs that alter a person's consciousness, mood, or thoughts do so because they create changes in the ______.

chemistry of the brain

Harm-reduction strategies work on the assumption that ______.

complete elimination of drug activity is impossible

Methamphetamine is an extremely dangerous form of amphetamine because it ______.

contains a large amount of toxic chemicals

Because they make the people who ingest them vulnerable, drugs such as Rohypnol have been referred to as ______ drugs.

date rape

Drug treatment programs are part of a ______ strategy.

demand-side

Which of the following is a type of drug that decreases nervous or muscular activity and causes drowsiness or sleep?

depressant

The FDA has recently approved the use of ketamine for the treatment of _____ in those who have tried other medications.

depression

What is the most characteristic effect of hallucinogens?

distorted visual and auditory perceptions

Incarceration as a drug use reduction strategy ______.

does little to address the larger problem of drug use in our society

The repeated use of an addictive psychoactive drug shuts down the brain's normal production of this hormone and neurotransmitter, leaving the user unable to experience pleasure or make good decisions.

dopamine

Which of the following terms refers to a nonfood substance that is intended to affect the structure or function of the body?

drug

A medical drug that is used for recreational purposes is known as a(n) ______.

drug of abuse

Generally speaking, heroin is a ______.

drug of abuse

People sometimes use drugs that have no medical purposes. This type of drug is known as a ______.

drug of abuse

Opiates are especially addictive because they not only produce pleasure but also act like pain-blocking brain chemicals called ______.

endorphins

Which of the following is not one of the major three government approaches to the drug problem?

enjoyment reduction

Which of the following is commonly experienced with low doses of opioids?

euphoria

All of the following are effects brought on by the use of stimulants except ______.

fatigue

LSD and peyote are examples of ______.

hallucinogens

If taken in nonapproved ways, synthetic opioids can produce effects similar to ______.

heroin

A drug's route of administration refers to ______.

how it enters the body

The term illicit drug use means the use of ______.

illegal, nonprescription drugs

Drugs that are illegal for anyone to possess, make, sell, or use are known as ______ drugs.

illicit

Opioids have a long history in medicine. They have helped people ______.

relieve their pain

A person might react differently if he takes a drug alone at home versus taking the drug in a noisy club full of strangers. This is an example of how the effect of the drug could be influenced by the characteristics of the ______.

situation

The effects of central nervous system depressants include ______.

slowed activity in the brain

Which class of drugs is used to treat attention deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

stimulants

The rebound effect can make it difficult to ______.

stop taking a particular medication

The rebound effect occurs when a person ______.

stops using a drug but the symptoms become worse than they were before taking the drug

The U.S. government tries to control the quantity of illicit substances in the United States with ______.

supply reduction strategies

Stimulants speed up activity mostly in the brain and the ______.

sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is the target audience of a primary drug prevention strategy?

the entire population without regard to individual risk factors

What is the definition of intoxication?

the state of being mentally affected by a chemical

Someone taking PCP is likely to be ______.

Fearless and aggressive

When club drugs are combined with alcohol, ______.

They can cause potentially fatal reactions

How do effective drug treatment programs work?

They work better when they include individual counseling

What is a psychoactive drug?

a drug that can alter a person's consciousness or experience

Lean is a name for an emerging drug that is a ______.

prescription-strength cough syrup containing codeine and promethazine mixed with soda

Most marijuana dependence is believed to be ______.

psychological

Supply reduction strategies aim to ______.

reduce the amount of drugs that people produce or import into the country

Cocaine is an example of a ______.

CNS stimulant

Which of the following is not true of the typical successful drug-treatment program?

It lasts at least 3 years

__________ a dissociative drug, was originally developed as a veterinary anesthetic.

Ketamine

Which of the following drugs is odorless, colorless, and tasteless and one of the most potent psychoactive drugs known?

LSD

Also known as Ecstasy, this drug has effects that are similar to those of stimulants and hallucinogens.

MDMA

What Schedule I drug is a controlled powdery substance that is very popular at music festivals and can produce the effects of both hallucinogens and stimulants?

MDMA

Which of the following drugs has the highest number of users in the United States?

Marijuana

Which of the following is most likely to be a commonly used illicit drug by people age 12 and older?

Marijuana

An example of a psychoactive drug commonly used for medical purposes today is ______.

Ritalin

The most significant long-term effect of heavy usage of inhalants is ______.

lasting brain damage

Drugs prescribed by a doctor, drugs sold over-the-counter, and herbal remedies are types of ______ drugs.

legal

Which of the following is not considered a club drug?

marijuana

Using chemicals such as glues, paints, or solvents in ways not recommended by their manufacturers is considered drug ______.

misuse

Because most states mandate harsh prison terms for the possession or sale of drugs ______.

more than half the U.S. prison population meet diagnostic standards for substance use disorders

The method of drug use that involves ingesting drugs by mouth is known as the ______ route of administration.

oral ingestion

Synthetic opioids are some of the most widely prescribed drugs for ______.

pain

Heavy users of marijuana can experience some withdrawal symptoms, but they rarely experience ______.

physical dependence

An addictive psychoactive drug activates the

pleasure and reward pathway of the brain.