Chapter 10: Organizational Change & Innovation

How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis? (Choose every correct answer.) - By using surveys and questionnaires - By attending meetings and performing direct observation - By interviewing the competition - By consulting company records

- By using surveys and questionnaires - By attending meetings and performing direct observation - By consulting company records

Which of the following are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? (Choose every correct answer.) - Simple, one-size-fits-all solutions are becoming more popular. - Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. - The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. - The overall speed of product releases is decreasing.

- Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. - The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true? - Pop-up stores are an ineffective way to increase speed-to-market. - Competitors may be in and out of the market within days. - Faster speed-to-market is only possible for small companies. - Achieving faster speed-to-market requires skipping consumer trials.

- Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.

Which of the following should organizational structure and internal processes foster to help promote innovation? - Cross-functional communication - Interest in the market - Collaboration - Agility

- Cross-functional communication - Collaboration - Agility

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? - Employee characteristics - Market characteristics - Competitor characteristics - Change agent characteristics

- Employee characteristics - Change agent characteristics

What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion? - Avoid group relationships. - Engage in mindfulness meditation. - Remember you are not alone. - Embrace a narrow self-view. - Practice self-kindness.

- Engage in mindfulness meditation. - Remember you are not alone. - Practice self-kindness.

Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change? (Choose every correct answer.) - Familiarity with innovation - Fear of the unknown - Loss of status or job security - Peer pressure

- Fear of the unknown - Loss of status or job security - Peer pressure

Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true? (Choose every correct answer.) - It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. - It is a commitment that you make to yourself. - It is a way of dismissing the beliefs of others. - It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

- It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. - It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true? (Choose every correct answer.) - It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. - It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts. - It is a way of dismissing the beliefs of others. - It is a commitment that you make to yourself.

- It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. - It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

Which statements about openness to change are true? (Choose every correct answer.) - It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. - It is a characteristic possessed by managers, but not by employees. - It is critical for the success of organizational change. - It is an example of an important career readiness competency.

- It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. - It is critical for the success of organizational change. - It is an example of an important career readiness competency.

Which of the following is a purpose of organizational development? - Designing products - Investigating the competition - Providing training - Managing conflict

- Managing conflict

What are the target elements of change? (Choose every correct answer.) Methods Social factors Outputs People Financial factors Organizational arrangements

- Methods - Social factors - Organizational arrangements - People

Which of the following is a common cause of employee resistance to change? - A climate of trust - Reinforcing reward systems - Peer pressure - Personality agreement

- Peer pressure

Which of the following is an example of an adaptive change in an organization? - Introducing an innovative change suggested by the organization's top management - Introducing a method that is new to the organization - Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization - Introducing a technique that is new to the organization's industry

- Reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization

Which statement about organizational development is true? - It best to master one intervention and use it in all situations. - Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions. - Training is the most successful type of organizational development intervention. - Single interventions are generally more effective than multiple interventions.

- Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions.

What are companies doing to respond effectively to the increasing segmentation of the marketplace? - Promoting the same product to all potential customers - Following a traditional sales model - Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages - Engaging in conversations with individual consumers

- Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization? - Demographic characteristics - Market changes - Customer demands - Supplier practices

- demographic characteristics

A set of interdependent processes, practices, and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______. - organizational system - innovation system - knowledge process - innovation competition

- innovation system

The process of creating a new solution to an existing problem is valuable enough that consumers are willing to pay is referred to as: - innovation. - invention. - creativity. - constancy.

- innovation.

Employees are more likely to resist change if _______. - they trust their leaders - they do not fear failure - it preserves company culture - it is a surprise

- it is a surprise

Innovations must be ______. - novel - disruptive - incremental - physical

- novel

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______. - creativity - innovative change - resistance to change - adaptive change

- resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______. - responds to problems or opportunities as they arise - results from a consensus - creates opposition and controversy - anticipates problems or opportunities

- responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______. - innovation systems - self-affirmations - self-compassion statements - reinforcing reward systems

- self affirmations

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon. - raw materials - human resources - money - speed

- speed

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business. - supertrends - discontinuous trends - microtrends - niche trends

- supertrends

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization. - supplier practices - social and political pressures - demographic characteristics - technological advancements

- technological advancement

Any change, no matter how small, has a rippling effect through an organization.

A systems approach to change

What is the problem?

Diagnosis

How well has the intervention worked?

Evaluation

How can the diagnosis and intervention be further refined?

Feedback

What should we do to fix it?

Intervention

What are the parts of a systems model of change? (Choose every correct answer.) ◦ Outputs ◦ Directives ◦ Regulation ◦ Target elements of change ◦ Inputs

Outputs Target elements of change Inputs

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? (Choose every correct answer.) - Unfreezing - Refreezing - Changing - Shattering

◦ Unfreezing - creating the motivation to change ◦ Refreezing - making the new ways normal ◦ Changing - learning new ways of doing things