Chapter 10 Vocab.

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Central Nervous System

Includes the brain and spinal cord.

Parasympathetic Nerves

Involuntary, automatic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and gastrointestinal muscles.

Plexus

Large, interlacing network of nerves.

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain.

Brain Stem

Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.

Nerve

Macroscopic cord-like colection of fibers that carry elecrtrical impulses.

Thalamus

Main relay center of the brain.

Meninges

Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Dendrite

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first to receive a nervous impulse.

Axon

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

Arschnoid Membrane

Middle layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Efferent Nerve

Motor nerve that carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord.

Heuron

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body.

Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord including cranial and spinal nerves.

Acetylcholine

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells.

Receptor

Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to afferent nerves.

Cerebral Cortex

Outer region of the cerebrum; contains sheets of nerves.

Cell Body

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus.

Pons

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain.

Microglial Cell

Phagocytic glial cell.

Medulla Oblongata

Portion of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels.

Hypothalamus

Portion of the brain that controls sleep, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland.

Cerebellum

Posterior part of the brain; coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

Gyrus

Sheet of nervecells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the brain.

Synapse

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve cells or between and muscles or glandular cells.

Sciatic Nerve

Spinal nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot.

Glia Cell

Supportive and connective type of nerve cell; does not carry nervous impulses.

Vagus Nerve

Tenth cranial nerve.

Stimulus

Agent of change (light, sound, touch) that evokes a response.

Sympathetic Nerves

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.

Blood- Brain Barrier

Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep others out.

Motor Nerve

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; efferent nerve.

Sensory Nerve

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord; afferent nerve.

Afferent Nerve

Carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord from receptors

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messender, released at the end of a nerve cell.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

Ganglion

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS.

Cauda Equina

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.

Storma

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ; glial cells of the brain.

Autonomic Nervous System

Contains nerves that control involuntary body functions or muscles, glands, and internal organs.

Sulcus

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex.

Parenchyma

Essential, distinguishing tissue of an organ or system.

Ependymal Cell

Glial (neuroglial) cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord; helps form cerebrospinal fluid.

Oligodendroglial Cell

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons.

Dura Mater

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges.

Pia Mater

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the menings.

Cranial Nerves

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain.

Astrocyte

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries.

Myelin Sheath

White, fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell.


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