Chapter 11
what are the properties of ideal gases
An ideal gas consists of a large number of identical molecules. The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligible compared to the volume occupied by the gas. The molecules obey Newton's laws of motion, and they move in random motion. The molecules experience forces only during collisions; any collisions are completely elastic, and take a negligible amount of time.
n1/V1=n2/V2
Avogadro's Law formula
states that, "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules". For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.
Avogadro's law
P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle's law Formula
stating that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when temperature is held constant.
Boyles law
Vi/Ti = Vf/Tf
Charles law formula
that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of partial pressure of each individual gas present. Each gas is assumed to be an ideal gas.
Dalton's Law of partial pressure
P1 ÷ T1 = P2 ÷ T2
Gay-Lussac's Law formula
he Pressure Temperature Law. This law states that the pressure of a given amount of gas held at constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature. As the pressure goes up, the temperature also goes up, and vice-versa.
Gay-Lussac's law
PV = nRT
Ideal gas law formula
is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of ___ ___ is: When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related. ... k is a constant.
charles law
volume and temperature are
directly proportional when increase temperature volume must increase
defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly eleastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces. One can visualize it as a collection of perfectly hard spheres which collide but which otherwise do not interact with each other. In such a gas, all the internal energy is in the form of kinetic energy and any change in internal energy is accompanied by a change in temperature.
ideal gas
is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles' law and Avogadro's Law
ideal gas law
pressure and volume in Boyles law are
inversely proportional when one halves the other doulbes
volume of any gas measured at STP
is 22.41 L
s the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at STP.
molar volume
are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of dat
standard conditions