Chapter 11

At about what age do infants reach the first stage of language development?

4 months

The ability to use information in such a way that the result is something new, original, and meaningful is called

Creativity

T/F Daydreams and fantasies are formed of convergent thinking.

False

T/F Thinking is the expression of ideas through symbols and sounds.

False

T/F It is estimated that nearly half the world's children group up speaking two languages.

False, 2/3

T/F B.F. Skinner proposed that children are born with a mental program that enables them to learn grammar.

False, Noam Chomsky

In order of increasing complexity, the units of thought are

Images, symbols, concepts, prototypes, and rules

According to the theory of linguistic relativity, a person's _________ influences his or her ________.

Language, thoughts

Skinner believed that language developed as a result of _______ and Chomsky believes that the ability to acquire language is ______.

Reinforcement; innate

Which of the following true of morphemes?

They are the smallest units of meaning

T/F A mystery writer who decides the ending of the story, then works backward to devise a plot that will lead to the desired conclusion, is using a subgoal to solve a problem.

True

T/F All children are born with the ability to learn any language.

True

T/F Chairman is an example of a word that some people believe creates a gender stereotype in the English language.

True

T/F Deaf children babble using hand signals.

True

T/F Imaging is an effective way of thinking about concepts.

True

T/F One kind of rigidity in thinking is that people look for direct methods of solving problems and do not see solutions that may involve several steps.

True

________ is the study of language as an instrument of ___________.

Sociolinguistics; socialization

Chimps use words as ________________ like humans do, but unlike humans, chimps do not _________________.

Symbols; apply the rules of grammar

The most common __________ in thinking are _________.

Symbols; words

A young child who points to the bakery shelves and says, "You give cupcake," is exhibiting

Telegraphic speech