chapter 11
Caffeine consumption in young people can aid in the treatment of __________. A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder B. autism C. panic attacks D. calcium deficiency
A
The elimination half-life of caffeine in newborns is longer than that adults because __________. A. newborns lack the enzyme that breaks down caffeine B. newborns were never exposed to caffeine before C. newborns have higher than normal heart rates D. newborns are born with traces of caffeine already in their systems
A
The first European to be introduced to chocolate was __________. A. Hernando Cortés B. Christopher Columbus C. Sir Walter Raleigh D. Emperor Charles V of Spain
A
The major component of cocoa butter is a fatty acid called __________. A. stearic acid B. acetic acid C. gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. none of the above
A
Which two nations are the top tea consumers in the world? A. Ireland and Great Britain B. Spain and Portugal C. China and Japan D. the United States and Mexico
A
The DSM-IV-TR manual recognizes caffeinism-like symptoms under this term: __________. A. acute caffeine abuse B. acute caffeine intoxication C. acute caffeine dependence D. acute caffeinism disorder
B
The caffeine content of a 5-ounce cup of coffee is in the neighborhood of______ milligrams, with instant coffee having ______. A. 100; more B. 100; less C. 200; more D. 200; less
B
The clearest example of tolerance to the effect of caffeine is observed with respect to __________. A. behavioral responses B. cardiovascular responses C. psychological responses D. none of the above
B
According to the text, which of the following has the most caffeine content? A. Folger's instant coffee B. Lipton's green tea C. Twining's English Breakfast tea D. Maxwell House instant coffee
C
Iced tea was introduced to the United States at the _______. A. Boston tea party in 1773 B. treaty conference ending the Opium War in 1842 C. Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 D. none of the above
C
Over-the-counter caffeine medications sold as stimulants contain caffeine levels roughly equivalent to __________. A. three to four cups of regular coffee B. four to six cups of regular coffee C. one-third cup to two cups of regular coffee D. one-eighth to one-fourth cup of regular coffee
C
The best way of describing caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline is to call them __________. A. CNS depressants B. trichloroethylenes C. xanthines D. theothixines
C
Tolerance to caffeine can generally be observed in terms of __________. A. muscular rigidity B. cancerous tumors C. cardiovascular changes D. EEG changes
C
Xanthine-based medications are effective in treating asthma because __________. A. they reduce blood pressure in blood vessels of the chest B. they increase absorption of oxygen by air sacs in the lungs C. they dilate bronchial passageways D. they increase the power of the diaphragm so that the patient can breathe more deeply
C
Analogy: Tea is to China as coffee is to __________. A. Indonesia B. the United States C. England D. Arabia
D
Smokers eliminate caffeine ____ percent faster than non-smokers. A. 25 B. 32 C. 68 D. 100
D
Which of the following is NOT a natural source of caffeine? A. tea B. coffee C. chocolate D. sugar
D
According to the text, caffeine is a(n) _________ inhibitor. A. adenosine B. serotonin C. theophylline D. acetylcholine
A
Adenosine is a(n) _________ neurotransmitter. A. inhibitory B. excitatory C. stimulant-acting D. toxic
A
An example of a caffeinated noncola soft drink is __________. A. Mountain Dew B. Sprite C. 7Up D. Dr. Pepper
A
Analogy: Coffee is to caffeine as __________. A. tea is to theophylline and caffeine B. chocolate is to coffee C. tea is to theobromine D. chocolate is to theophylline
A
Approximately 80 percent of the world's coffee comes from __________. A. coffea arabica B. coffea americana C. coffea robusta D. camellia sinensis
A
Chocolate liquor is made up of __________. A. melted cocoa butter B. milk and sugar C. melted baking chocolate D. sugar
A
Coffee became the American national drink in the nineteenth century, especially after 1830, because __________. A. alcohol consumption was on the decline B. Presidents Jackson and Van Buren favored coffee over any other beverage C. the development of the American West encouraged sobriety among pioneers pioneers heading west D. the growing friction between North and South made coffee drinking necessary
A
Fibrocystic lesions are __________. A. benign lumps in the breasts B. irregularities in the air sacs in the lungs C. cancerous growths in the mouth and throat D. signs of early Alzheimer's disease
A
In general, what is NOT affected by the ingestion of caffeine? A. behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication B. the risk of cardiovascular disease C. the time it takes to fall asleep D. performance of boring or repetitive tasks
A
Milk chocolate is made by combining __________. A. cocoa butter, cocoa liquor, milk, sugar, and vanilla B. cocoa butter with milk, sugar, and vanilla C. baking chocolate with water D. cocoa liquor with coffee beans
A
Milton Hershey decided in 1903 to build his famous chocolate factory in __________. A. central Pennsylvania B. upstate New York C. southern Indiana D. western Massachusetts
A
Polyphenols are __________. A. plentiful in green tea and, to a lesser degree, black or pekoe tea B. extremely dangerous byproducts of chocolate C. another name for xanthines D. similar to heroin, since they stimulate endorphin-sensitive receptors
A
Symptoms of caffeinism can resemble symptoms of a __________. A. heart attack B. barbiturate overdose C. alcoholic blackout D. all of the above
A
The "gin epidemic" in England is considered to have been moderated by the popularity of __________. A. coffee houses B. opium C. chocolate D. pharmacies that marketed xanthenes
A
The drinking of caffeinated beverages by young people can result in deficient levels of __________. A. calcium and phosphorus B. endorphins in the brain C. acetylcholine in the muscles D. increased drowsiness
A
The original coffee bean plant, as far as Westerners are concerned, is called __________. A. Coffea arabica B. Coffea americana C. Coffea robusta D. Camellia sinensis
A
The xanthine content in coffee includes __________. A. caffeine only B. theobromine only C. caffeine and theobromine D. caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline
A
Theophylline is a preferred antiasthma medication to caffeine because __________. A. it has a stronger bronchodilating effect B. it can be prescribed at very high doses C. the side effect of "jitteriness" is more pronounced D. people react better to tea as medication than to coffee
A
Three to seven hours after drinking coffee, __________. A. approximately half of it still remains in the bloodstream B. blood pressure decreases C. caffeine is eliminated from the body D. pupils in the eyes dilate
A
After 1830, as alcohol consumption _______, coffee consumption _______. A. increased; increased B. increased; decreased C. decreased; increased D. decreased; remained the same
C
An increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to caffeine consumption is more likely __________. A. when consumption occurs in the morning B. when consumption occurs in late evening C. when consumption levels are very high D. when consumption occurs on an irregular schedule
C
Brazil is a source of __________. A. Coffea arabica only B. Coffea robusta only C. Coffea arabica and coffea robusta D. a unique species called coffea brazilia
C
Caffeine from a cup of coffee or tea is absorbed __________. A. almost immediately upon drinking the beverage B. five to ten minutes after drinking C. thirty to sixty minutes after drinking D. one to two hours after drinking
C
Caffeine in caffeinated soft drinks is __________. A. a byproduct of the coca in these beverages B. removed from the product during manufacturing C. added by the manufacturer during production D. mixed with theobromine and theophylline
C
Cocoa butter can separate from a milk chocolate mixture __________. A. as it goes rancid (spoils) B. as it gets sweeter C. but it is safe to eat D. and turn back into baking chocolate
C
Currently, caffeine consumption is suspected to be linked to __________. A. infertility B. infertility and low birthweight C. low birthweight and miscarriage D. none of the above
C
Eighty percent of the tea consumed in the United States is __________. A. decaffeinated B. green tea C. iced tea D. Chinese herbal tea
C
Hip fractures among the elderly increase in frequency as a result of __________. A. caffeine intake from coffee B. caffeine intake from tea C. caffeine intake from coffee or tea D. the intake of caffeinated and noncaffeinated beverages
C
______ is the nation with the world's highest per capita consumption of soft drinks. A. The United States B. England C. France D. Canada
A
_______ constitute the family of stimulant compounds in which caffeine belongs. A. Xanthines B. Theobromines C. Theophyllines D. Cocaine and amphetamine
A
A one-ounce piece of milk chocolate contains about ____ milligrams of caffeine and a quantity of forty-four mg of ______. A. sixty; theophylline B. six; theobromine C. six; theophylline D. sixty; theobromine
B
Adenosine is __________. A. a breakdown product from caffeine metabolism B. an inhibitory neurotransmitter C. a neurotransmitter stimulated by caffeine D. a component of some bronchial dilators
B
A 5-ounce cup of medium brewed tea contains approximately _____ milligrams of caffeine with a ________ amount of theophylline. A. 60; relatively larger B. 150; relatively larger C. 150; relatively smaller D. 60; relatively smaller
D
According to the text, polyphenols may help prevent __________. A. certain forms of cancer B. heart disease C. inflammatory disorders D. all of the above
D
Adenosine produces all of the following effects except __________. A. lowered heart rate B. sleepiness C. slowing down of the body's reaction to stress D. dilation of bronchial passageways
D
Analogy: Cocoa bean pods are to chocolate as coca leaves are to __________. A. cola B. caffeine C. theobromine D. cocaine
D
Before the end of the nineteenth century, the Chinese traded their tea with the British in exchange for __________. A. coffee B. opium C. marijuana D. alcohol
B
By the standard of historical records, the world's oldest caffeine-containing beverage is __________. A. coffee B. tea C. cola drinks D. hot chocolate
B
Caffeine levels peak in the bloodstream in __ hour(s), and reactions in the central nervous system peak in about __ hour(s). A. two; one B. one; two C. three; seven D. seven; three
B
Chinese records indicate that the discoverer of tea was the same individual who __________. A. discovered ephedrine and cocaine B. discovered ephedrine and marijuana C. sold ephedrine and opium to the British D. became dependent on ephedrine and chloral hydrate
B
Coffee houses in eighteenth-century England were popular with __________. A. drunkards and prostitutes B. intellectuals C. women looking for an alternative to gin and other alcoholic beverages D. college students seeking a good time
B
During the 1700s, ____ helped moderate the widespread drunkenness in England. A. tea production B. coffee houses C. taverns D. none of the above
B
Headaches caused by caffeine withdrawal occur due to __________. A. an increase in heart rate B. an increase in blood flow to the head C. an increase in spinal cord sensitivity D. increased pressure on the optic nerve
B
In effect, xanthines produce effects that __________. A. are the same as the effects of adenosine B. are the opposite of the effects of adenosine C. produce widespread CNS depression D. are consistent with benzodiazepines
B
It is possible that research linking caffeine to heart disease in heavy coffee drinkers may actually not be due to caffeine, but rather due to __________. A. alcohol B. cigarette smoking C. sugar D. unfiltered water
B
Mountain Dew is an example of a __________. A. highly caffeinated cola B. highly caffeinated noncola C. decaffeinated noncola D. decaffeinated brand of coffee
B
Since 2001, the fastest-growing segment of the soft drink market has been __________. A. major cola brands such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola B. colas or noncolas with a high level of caffeine C. noncaffeinated soft drinks in general D. beverages such as Sprite and 7Up
B
Some antiasthma medications contain a combination of theophylline and __________. A. a drug that prevents xanthine overdoses B. a compound that helps theophylline absorption C. a compound that boosts theophylline's effects synergistically D. a color additive that helps prevent mistaking the medication for common aspirin
B
The individual most likely to be kept from going to sleep after ingesting caffeine would be __________. A. a habitual coffee drinker B. a nondrinker of coffee C. an elderly person D. a person drunk from alcohol
B
The lethal dose for caffeine in the adult ranges from __________. A. 500 to 1,000 milligrams B. 5,000 to 10,000 milligrams C. 1,000 to 2,000 milligrams D. 25,000 to 50,000 milligrams
B
The proportion of students whose schools permit the soft-drink bottler to advertise in the school and to sponsor school events __________. A. increases with declining age B. increases with declining socioeconomic status C. decreases with declining age D. decreases with declining socioeconomic status
B
The stimulating effect is approximately the same with equal amounts of __________. A. caffeine and theobromine B. caffeine and theophylline C. theobromine and theophylline D. caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline
B
Tony has been drinking heavily at the bar and is drunk. Before going home, his friends give him a big cup of strong black coffee. After drinking the coffee, Tony can expect __________. A. to get sober faster B. the effects of alcohol to possibly worsen C. to perform decision-making tasks effectively D. to have increased motor coordination
B
Which of the following has the weakest stimulatory effect? A. caffeine B. theobromine C. theophylline D. xanthenes
B
Which of the following nations is a leading exporter of cocoa beans to the United States? A. Mexico B. Indonesia C. South Africa D. Kenya
B
Women in late stages of pregnancy eliminate caffeine from their systems __________. A. more quickly than normal B. more slowly than normal C. more erratically than normal D. no differently from normal
B
_________ in young people is about one-half to two-thirds that of an adult. A. Intelligence B. Body weight C. Awareness of the availability of caffeinated beverages D. Bronchodilation
B
The current per capita consumption of coffee in the United States __________. A. is the highest in the world B. is the second highest in the world C. ranks below most European countries D. ranks only in the top fifty among countries in the world
C
The effects of caffeine on the brain begin at the level of the__________. A. cerebellum B. medulla C. cerebral cortex D. limbic system
C
The first application of coffee beans was as __________. A. the basis for a good-tasting drink B. the basis for a good-tasting, paste-like dessert C. a stimulant D. a cosmetic to soften the skin
C
The lowest dose of caffeine on record that has been fatal in an adult human is __________. A. 1,000 mg B. 2,800 mg C. 3,200 mg D. 5,000 mg
C
The major difference between chocolate preparations made by Aztecs in 1500 and chocolate preparations made by Europeans in 1800 was the addition of __________. A. milk B. butterfat C. sugar D. all of the above
C
The nation having the highest per capita chocolate consumption is __________. A. Italy B. the United States C. Switzerland D. Kenya
C
The phrase, "a cup of java," comes from the fact that __________. A. Java means "caffeine" in Italian B. Java remains to this day the dominant source of coffee in the world C. Java was the original source for the Robusta species of coffee bean D. Java is a word meaning "coffee" in Arabic
C
The tea plant is referred to as __________. A. Coffea arabica B. Atropa belladonna C. Camellia sinensis D. Amanita muscaria
C
Today's teas are dominated by commercial blends of __________. A. green tea leaves from China B. black tea leaves from China C. black tea leaves from India and Sri Lanka D. green tea leaves from India and Sri Lanka
C
Tolerance effects for caffeine can be observed with dosage levels as low as 100 milligrams when __________. A. the coffee drinkers are elderly B. the coffee drinkers are younger than 21 C. the coffee drinkers are in the laboratory D. coffee drinkers are studied as opposed to tea drinkers
C
Typical doses of caffeine can sometimes be disruptive to users __________. A. in tasks that are perceived as boring B. in tasks that involve a quick response to visual signals C. in tasks that require motor coordination D. in tasks that are repetitive
C
All of the following effects are observed as a result of caffeine withdrawal EXCEPT for __________. A. impaired concentration B. irritability C. headaches D. a tingling in the fingers
D
Based upon current research, there is no association between caffeine and __________. A. the appearance of fibrocystic lesions B. the development of infertility in women C. osteoporosis D. both A and B
D
Caffeine's effect on the urinary excretion of calcium increases the risk of __________. A. problems in digesting milk products B. cardiovascular problems in the elderly C. hypoglycemia in marginal diabetic patients D. osteoporosis in the elderly
D
Coffee consumption began to dominate over tea consumption in the early history of the United States largely because __________. A. coffee went with alcohol better than tea B. coffee was less expensive than tea C. coffee did not keep fresh as long as tea D. anti-British sentiment was associated with tea
D
More than ___ percent of the adult population of the United States consumes caffeine in one form or another each day. A. 55 B. 65 C. 75 D. 85
D
Robusta beans __________. A. are harsher than arabica beans B. are cheaper than arabica beans C. have twice the caffeine content as arabica beans D. all of the above
D
Soft-drink consumption and the substantial caloric intake associated with it causes __________. A. adverse metabolic effects B. obesity C. increased risk of Type 2 diabetes D. all of the above
D
Strangely enough, xanthines act upon plants as a natural __________. A. intoxicant B. extra-strength fertilizer C. agent for chlorophyll production D. insecticide
D
The first recorded use of coffee beans came from __________. A. South Africa B. Indonesia C. Ceylon D. the Arab world
D
The ingestion of highly caffeinated energy drinks as mixers with alcohol __________. A. will not reduce alcoholic intoxication B. reduces a person's perception of intoxication C. only A D. all of the above
D
The most striking cases in which caffeine improves performance are in tasks __________. A. that are exciting and challenging B. taken on in the morning C. that involve verbal skills D. that are boring and repetitive
D
The total xanthine content of a one-ounce piece of chocolate is roughly equivalent to __________. A. a five-ounce cup of instant coffee B. a five-ounce cup of medium brewed tea C. a twelve-ounce can of Coca-Cola D. ten milligrams of caffeine
D
Which of the following nations is a major importer of coffee? A. Brazil B. Western Europe C. China D. United States
D
Which of the following people would most benefit from a caffeine-free diet? A. pregnant women B. those with a history of panic attacks C. the elderly D. all of the above
D
While it may be observed at a lower dose level, caffeinism is most frequently observed with a dosage of __________. A. 100 milligrams B. 500 milligrams C. 800 micrograms D. 1000 milligrams
D