chapter 11

Goleman

*A psychologist who for many years reported on the brain and behavioral sciences for The New York Times, Dr. Goleman previously was a visiting faculty member at Harvard. *His 1995 book Emotional Intelligence argued that human competencies like self-awareness, self-regulation, and empathy add value to cognitive abilities in many domains of life *AUTHOR OF The Brain and Emotional Intelligence

Arthur Jansen

*American educational psychologist whose work has concentrated in the study of human intelligence *Eysenck's work in personality theory, measurement, and intelligence—areas that were to become Jensen's specialty—challenged humanistic, psychodynamic approaches that stressed the importance of social factors in human behavior. *Jensen claimed, on the basis of his research, that general cognitive ability is essentially an inherited trait, determined predominantly by genetic factors rather than by environmental conditions

Louis Thurstone

*American psychologist who was instrumental in the development of psychometrics, the science that measures mental functions, and who developed statistical techniques for multiple-factor analysis of performance on psychological tests. *Thurstone was originally interested in mathematics and engineering *Thurstone was especially concerned with the measurement of people's attitudes and intelligence.

Charles Spearman

*British psychologist who theorized that a general factor of intelligence, g, is present in varying degrees in different human abilities. * he worked intermittently with Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of experimental psychology, at the University of Leipzig, and he took his Ph.D. there. *Spearman's attempt to establish general, fundamental laws of psychology was based on his statistical work in determining correlations among mental abilities

Raymond Cattell

*British-born American psychologist, considered to be one of the world's leading personality theorists. *Cattell was a prolific writer in the field of psychological measurement. *Personality and Learning Theory, 2 vol. (1979-80), is considered Cattell's most important work.

Wechsler

*David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale *Wechsler eventually concluded that Spearman's theory of general intelligence (g) was too narrow. * Unlike Spearman, Wechsler viewed intelligence as an effect rather than a cause, and asserted that non-intellective factors, such as personality, contribute to the development of each person's intelligence.

Robert Sternberg

*an American psychologist, created one of the most well-known theories of intelligence. *Unlike most theories of intelligence, Sternberg's theory calls for the integration of intelligence and creativity. *According to Robert Sternberg's theory, there are three basic mental processes that underlie all intelligent behavior. The three basic mental processes are: Metacomponents Performance components Knowledge-acquisition components

Howard Gardner

*is an American developmental psychologist and the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. *He is currently the senior director of Harvard Project Zero, and since 1995, he has been the co-director of the Good Project. *He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences, as outlined in his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.

Alfred Binet

*was a French psychologist who invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale *In 1899, Binet was asked to be a member of the Free Society for the Psychological Study of the Child * L'Etude experimentale de l'intelligence (Experimental Studies of Intelligence) was the book he used to describe his methods and it was published in 1903.

J.P Guilford

*was a United States psychologist, best remembered for his psychometric study of human intelligence, including the distinction between convergent and divergent production. *Guilford researched and developed a wide variety of psychometric tests to measure the specific abilities predicted by SI theory *He is well remembered for his psychometric studies of human intelligence and creativity.

Terman

*was an American psychologist, noted as a pioneer in educational psychology in the early 20th century at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. *in 1906 while at Stanford, Terman published a revised and perfected Binet-Simon scale for American populations. *and for initiating the longitudinal study of children with high IQs called the Genetic Studies of Genius.